Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Five Themes of Geography 1. Location: position on the Earth’s surface a. Absolute location – precise points on the earth’s surface Example: absolute location of Philadelphia lies about 40 N and 75 W b. Relative location – the position of one place with respect to other important places - not as exact as absolute - tells where a place is in relation to other places Example: Philadelphia lies between the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers 2. Place: Physical and Human Characteristics a. Physical characteristics – occur naturally - land and water forms - plant and animal life - soil conditions - climate b. Human (cultural) characteristics – created by human beings who live there - People, their ideas, languages, and religions 3. Human and Environmental Interaction: Relationships within places - Wherever humans have lived or traveled, they have changed the natural features of the earth or the environment. - Human interaction with the land, natural resources, and other natural features of the United States has affected its history a great deal. Example: Cutting down forests to build homes, to build towns they dammed up rivers 4. Movement: Human interacting on the Earth - Out of all the geographical themes, movement has affected our nation’s history most. - Their movements shaped the country, just as people moving to the United States today continue to contribute new skills and ideas. Example: Immigrants traveling to this land. 5. Regions: How they form and change - Geographers divide the world into large regions, or areas that have something in common. - It helps us see what relationships exist among different parts of the world. - To describe a region, geographers look at physical and cultural characteristics. I. Cartographer – A. Two ways of mapping 1. Globe – 3D; has height, depth, and width 2. Map – 2D B. Which is most accurate? Why? Globe, because it is shaped like the earth…..the only accurate way to draw earth is a sphere. C. Which one is better? Map, because they show more about the world’s people II. Three categories of Maps A. General Purpose 1. Political/borderlines 2. Physical – lakes, rivers, mountains B. Special Purpose – special maps for specific reasons III. Types of Maps A. Mercator Map shows accurate land shapes but not accurate size and distance Most popular; Most incorrect; distorted; Greenland and Alaska are huge on the map. B. Interrupted Map Mercator’s as a cut-up sphere; shows size more accurate but difficult to calculate distances C. Robinson Map gives fairly accurate view of most sizes, shapes, and directions; shows a fairly accurate picture of the relationship between land masses and water; used more than the interrupted IV. Landforms and Water A. Plateaus – steep sides and flat on top B. Mesa – small plateau C. Foothills – small hills at base of mountain D. Tributaries – small water that feed into larger waters (i.e. creeks into rivers) V. Topography – study the surface; “top” of the earth A. Elevation – sea level B. Relief – difference in height VI. Climate A. Climate – weather patterns over a long period of time B. Current –constant air flow C. Weather – weather patterns over a short period of time D. Precipitation –any moisture that falls from the sky (snow, sleet, or rain) VII. Midwest -“Breadbasket of the World” – South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, etc. - grow a lot of wheat in that area - 60% -70% of wheat is produced in that area fro the entire world