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Circulatory System in Animals Regents Biology 2008-2009 WHY DO WE NEED A CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? Regents Biology TRANSPORT! •Unicellular organisms can remove wastes and absorb nutrients through their cell __________________ • They are in direct contact with their environment Regents Biology TRANSPORT! Multicellular organisms have layers and layers of cells which are not in direct contact with the environment Developed a system to transport nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells The Circulatory System! What does it mean to circulate?? Regents Biology The job of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients to and remove wastes from cells Regents Biology Human Circulation Includes: Blood: liquid transport material with cells Heart: a muscular pump to move the blood Blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and veins that deliver blood to all tissues Regents Biology The Circulatory System Analogy The heart – the engine Blood vessels – the roads Blood – the bus Regents Biology Misconceptions Regents Biology THIS IS NOT YOUR HEART. Regents Biology THIS IS YOUR HEART. About the size of your first. Regents Biology While we’re on it… Your blood is NEVER blue. Regents Biology Brain Pop! http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodys ystems/circulatorysystem/ Regents Biology Feeding Energy Needs Why do we need a circulatory system? supplies in fuel (sugars) digestive system oxygen respiratory system waste out CO2 respiratory system need to pick up & deliver the supplies & wastes around the body Regents Biology circulatory system Circulatory System Organ heart Tissues & cells blood vessels arteries veins capillaries blood red blood cells plasma (liquid) Regents Biology Vertebrate Heart 4-Chambered heart atria (atrium) thin wall collection chamber left atrium receives blood ventricles thick wall pump right pumps blood out atrium Regents Biology right ventricle left ventricle Evolution of circulatory system Not everyone has a 4-chambered heart fish 2 chamber V amphibian 3 chamber A A A V Regents Biology reptiles 3 chamber A V A V birds & mammals 4 chamber A V A V Lub-dub, lub-dub 4 valves in the heart flaps of tissue prevent backflow of blood Heart sounds closing of valves “Lub” SL AV AV force blood against closed AV valves “Dub” force of blood against semilunar valves Heart murmur leaking valve causes hissing sound blood squirts backward through valve Regents Biology Regents Biology Have a heart? Ask Questions!! Regents Biology 2008-2009 Circulatory System Blood Vessels Regents Biology 2008-2009 Study Skills - Vessels Arteries – A AWAY! Carry blood away from the heart Veins – return blood to the heart CapiLLaries – smaLLest blood vessels Regents Biology Arteries: Built for their job Arteries blood flows away from heart thicker walls provide strength for high pressure pumping of blood elastic & stretchable Regents Biology Coronary artery bypass bypass surgery Regents Biology Veins: Built for their job Veins Blood flows toward heart blood returns back to heartOpen valve thinner-walled blood travels back to heart at low speed & pressure why low pressure? far from heart blood flows because muscles contract when we move Closed valve squeeze blood through veins valves in large veins in larger veins one-way valves Regents Biology allow blood to flow only toward heart Regents Biology The veins have valves that prevent back-flow of blood. Regents Biology Structure-function relationship Capillaries very thin walls allows diffusion of materials across capillary waste body cell CO2 O2, CO2, H2O, food, waste O2 food Regents Biology Blood Flow Blood flows from the heart to Regents Biology large arteries which branch likes trees to smaller and smaller arteries At their narrowest vessels are capillaries where materials can be exchanged between cells and the blood Blood flows from small capillaries to small veins which meet up with other small veins to form large veins Red Blood Cell in a Capillary Notice that one red blood cell can barely fit in a capillary! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/ 2f/A_red_blood_cell_in_a_capillary%2C_pancreatic_tiss Regents Biology Circulation of Blood Circulation to lungs 2 part system Circulation to lungs lungs blood gets O2 from lungs drops off CO2 to lungs brings O2-rich blood from lungs to heart heart Circulation to body pumps O2-rich blood to body picks up nutrients from digestive system collects CO2 & cell wastes Regents Biology body Circulation to body Stops along the way… Lungs pick up O2 / clean out CO2 Small Intestines pick up nutrients from digested food Large Intestines pick up water from digested food Liver clean out worn out blood cells Regents Biology More stops along the way… Kidneys filters out cell wastes (urea) extra salts, sugars & water Bone pick up new red blood cells Spleen pick up new white blood cells Regents Biology Lymphatic System Returns lost fluid back to the blood Fluid lost is called lymph Lymph nodes (your glands) filter bacteria and dead cells out from the lymph Cause of “swollen glands” Regents Biology Regents Biology Have a heart? Ask Questions!! Regents Biology 2008-2009 Circulatory System Blood Regents Biology 2008-2009 Blood & blood cells Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells 1. plasma liquid part of blood dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more Cells 2. red blood cells (RBC) transports O2 in hemoglobin 3. white blood cells (WBC) defense & immunity 4. platelets blood clotting Regents Biology Blood Composition Plasma 55% (mostly water) Blood Cells 45% Regents Biology Blood Cell Production ribs, vertebrae, breastbone & pelvis Stem cells “parent” cells white blood cells in bone marrow develop into all the different types of blood red blood cells red blood cells white blood cells Regents Biology cells white blood cells Red blood cells Small round cells produced in bone marrow 5 liters of blood in body 5-6 million RBC in drop of human blood last 3-4 months (120 days) filtered out by liver ~3 million RBC destroyed each second Regents Biology Red Blood Cells Do NOT have a nucleus Can NOT reproduce on their own, they only come from bone marrow Hemoglobin Protein which carries O2 250,000 hemoglobin proteins in one red blood cell O2 Regents Biology White Blood Cells Largest blood cells About 8,000 per drop of blood Formed in the bone marrow or in the lymph tissue Protect the body against diseases by forming antibodies (a plan for killing antigens) or engulfing bacteria Antigen – foreign invader Regents Biology Regents Biology Types of White Blood Cells 1. Phagocytes - engulf bacteria and viruses by phagocytosis (see next slide) 2. Lymphocytes - produce antibodies which clump bacterial poisons or bacteria antibodies (a plan for killing antigens) Regents Biology Remember: Phagocytosis Regents Biology emergency repair of circulatory system Platelets - Blood clotting chemical emergency signals Regents Biology platelets seal the hole protein fibers build the clot STUDY SKILLS Red blood cells – Are bowl shaped and carry Oxygen White blood cells – destroy foreign invaders, think of a doctors white lab coat! Platelets – form a PLATE over cuts to stop blood loss Regents Biology Have a heart? Ask Questions!! Regents Biology 2008-2009 Cardiovascular disease Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis deposits inside arteries (plaques) develop in inner wall of the arteries, narrowing their channel increase blood pressure increase risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney damage normal artery Regents Biology hardening of arteries Heart Disease Heart disease and coronary artery disease are the leading causes of death in the US. Causes in most cases are unknown, although stress, obesity, high salt intake, and smoking can add to a genetic predisposition. No cure--may be treated by medication, exercise & diet. "Silent killer"--millions don't know they have it Regents Biology Clogging Artery Regents Biology http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/ar http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biob Regents Biology http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/art Regents Biology ery_3.gif Cardiovascular health Risk Factors genetics diet high animal fat exercise & lifestyle smoking lack of exercise Regents Biology bypass surgery Heart Disease Heart disease death rates 1996-2002 Adults ages 35 and older Regents Biology Women & Heart Disease Death rates for heart disease per 100,000 women, 2002 Risk factors Smoking Lack of exercise High fat diet Overweight Heart disease is 3rd leading cause of death among women aged 25–44 years & 2nd leading cause of death among women aged 45–64 years. Regents Biology 3.) Stroke – interruption of blood flow to all or part of the brain -- may be caused by blockage to a blood vessel or a ruptured blood vessel Regents Biology 4.) Leukemia -- white blood cell cancer -- many kinds Some Causes - virus, radiation, chemical exposure Regents Biology Some symptoms: frequently sick, higher than normal total number of WBC's Regents Biology Treatments include: radiation, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplants Regents Biology