Download 15.1-8 Bacterial Diseases

15.1-8 Bacterial Diseases
Microbiology
Background
 BC Roman Marcus Terentius Varro proposed minute creatures cause
disease.
 Middle Ages Miasma Theory ”bad air” caused disease.
 1546 Germ Theory proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro but no proof.
 1656 Athanasius Kircher first to observe microorganisms.
 1808-1813 Agostino Bassi proved microorganisms caused disease.
 1847 Ignaz Semmelweis proved proper sanitation reduced infection.
 1854 John Snow determined cholera caused by exposure to sewage.
 1860-1864 Louis Pasteur scientific proof of Germ Theory of Disease.
Background
 1884 Robert Koch’s Postulates:
1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from
the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.
2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in
pure culture.
3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a
healthy organism.
4. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased
experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific
causative agent.
 1870s Joseph Lister developed aseptic surgical techniques.
15.1 Diagnosing
Microbial
Diseases
 Microbial Culture-streak
plate
 Microscopy-pathology
 Molecular Diagnostics-PCR
15.2 Microbial
Diseases of the
Skin
 Skin Flora (microbiota) have
commensalistic and
mutualistic relationship.
 Proper hygiene essential to
good health.
15.2 Bacterial
Skin Diseases
 Impetigo-Highly contagious,
commonly found in preschool children caused by
Staph. aureus & Strep.
pyogenes.
15.2 Bacterial Skin
Diseases
 Erysipelas-acute streptococcus infection
of the upper dermis.
15.2 Bacterial
Diseases of the
Skin
 Cellulitis is inflammation of
connective tissue within the
layers of the skin.
15.3 Bacterial
Diseases of the
Eye
 Conjunctivitis (pink eye) is
infection of the outermost
part of the eye and the
innermost layer of the
eyelids.
15.3 Bacterial
Diseases of the
Eye
 Keratitis is inflammation of
the cornea.
15.4 Bacterial
Diseases of the
Nervous System
 Meningitis is inflammation of
the protective membranes
of the brain and spinal
cord.
 Symptoms: severe
headaches and neck
stiffness.
 Can lead to paralysis, brain
damage and death.
 A lumbar puncture is used
for diagnosis.
15.4 Bacterial
Diseases of the
Nervous System
 Botulism is caused by toxins
produced by the
anaerobic Clostridium
botulinum.
 Type of food poisoning.
 Causes paralysis and death.
 Botox treatment
15.4 Bacterial
Diseases of the
Nervous System
 Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)
 Carried by armadillos
15.4 Bacterial
Diseases of the
Nervous System
 Tetanus (lockjaw)prolonged muscle
contraction
15.5 Bacterial Diseases of the Nervous
System
 Lyme Disease Tick-bourne
 Bullseye pattern
15.5 Bacterial
Diseases of the
Nervous System
 Plague
 33% death rate in Europe
between 1347-1353.
 Fleas are infected and
carried by rodents.
15.8 Bacterial Diseases
of the Cardiovascular
& Lymphatic Systems
 Endocarditis-Inflammation
of the inner tissues of the
heart.
 Myocarditis-inflammation of
the heart muscle.
15.8 Bacterial Diseases of
the Cardiovascular &
Lymphatic Systems
 Sepsis & septic shock
 25-50% mortality rate.
15.8 Bacterial Diseases
of the Cardiovascular
& Lymphatic Systems
 Rheumatic Fever-untreated
strep throat.
 Arthritis
 Heart damage
15.8 Bacterial Diseases
of the Cardiovascular
& Lymphatic Systems
 Tularemia (rabbit fever)
 Carried by ticks, flies &
mosquitos.
 Extremely contagious
15.8 Bacterial Diseases of the
Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems
 Brucellosis
 Carried by domestic livestock
& pets.
 Fever, joint pain & fatigue.
15.8 Bacterial Diseases
of the Cardiovascular
& Lymphatic Systems
 Anthrax spores can be
inhaled and are deadly for
100s of years.
 Fatality rates of 80% or higher.
15.8 Bacterial Diseases of
the Cardiovascular &
Lymphatic Systems
 Gangrene-death of tissue (necrosis).
 Usually results in amputation or death.