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Standard 6.51 Lesson
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Printed: April 5, 2016
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C HAPTER
Chapter 1. Standard 6.51 Lesson
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Standard 6.51 Lesson
Standard 6.51 Lesson: Analyze the Causes, Course, and Consequences of the Persian Wars.
First — lets enjoy John Green and Crash Course World History – The Persians and the Greeks!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-mkVSasZIM
Another teacher has done this one. . . . . . .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NrmfX9FLBo
Ducksters - The Persian Wars
http://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_greece/persian_wars.php
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TABLE 1.1:
figure*
Greek Soldiers
By the 500s B.C., Persian had conquered much of Southwest Asia and had conquered Anatolia - an area where
many Greek colonies were located. In 499 B.C., some Greeks in Anatolia had revolted against the Persian rule.
The city-state of Athens had sent ships and soldiers to help them in their fight. Even though their revolt failed, the
Persians decided to punish Athens for interfering and met the Athenians at Marathon. The Athenians sent a runner
to Sparta to ask for help, but the Spartan army did not get there in time.
The Athenians were outnumbered but they surrounded the Persian army and attacked them. With this close fighting,
they found that their Greek spears were more effective the arrow that the Persians used. The Greeks only lost 192
men in that battle while the Persians lost 6,400.
The legend of Marathon says that an Athenian soldier ran from Marathon to Athens to tell them of the great Athenian
victory. He reached Athens, told of the great victory and then collapsed and died. Modern day marathons are
based on this long run.
The Battle of Marathon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgijJ-zdHow
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Chapter 1. Standard 6.51 Lesson
and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cx-XB2eh-pQ
The Persians attacked Greece again in 480 B.C. Even though Athens and Sparta had quarreled in the past, they and
other Greek city-states formed together and were united against Persia. The Spartans, with an army of 300, guarded
the pass of Thermopylae in hopes of stopping the Persian army from reaching Athens. The Spartans held the pass
for two days - and then all were killed by the Persians. This gave the Athenian navy time to prepare for the battle.
The Athenian navy attacked the Persian fleet in a very narrow body of water. The smaller and quicker Athenian
ships were able to navigate the waters easier than the slower and larger Persian ships. The Athenians sunk about
300 Persian ships. The Persian War finally ended in 479 B.C.
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The Persian Wars were fought between Greece and Persia from 492-479 BC. Greece, up until this point, was merely
a collection of city states without a strong, collective identity. This means that they did not really see themselves
as “Greece,” rather, they saw themselves as Athens, Sparta, and so on. But the Persian wars helped to bring them
together, helped them form a Greek identity, and defined Greek culture. Here are a few important concepts:
• The Persian wars brought different city states together (because they had to work together to fight, which in
turn helped them see what they had in common with each other.)
• For the Greeks, the experience of coming into contact with people who were different from them helped them
to form their own identity.
• The Greeks felt great pride in their victories against such a great empire. The Persian Wars helped to perpetuate
and inspire the growth of Greek culture.
Battle of Thermopylae
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FViLPhmWeLY
Causes of the Persian Wars - Additional Information
History For Kids - The Battle of Marathon http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/history/marathon.
htm
At the end of the 6th century B.C.E., Athens and Sparta had some minor conflicts with Lydia and Sardis, which were
under the control of the Persian empire. As often happens, Persia wanted revenge and attacked Athens. This attack
happened at Marathon in 490 B.C.E under King Darius, and it is considered the most famous battle of the Persian
Wars. Greece won, but if it hadn’t it could have been colonized by Persia.
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Chapter 1. Standard 6.51 Lesson
The Battle of Marathon was hugely significant for Greece. But Persia, because it was such an enormous empire,
considered it a small loss. Persia did seek revenge 9 years later under the new leadership of Xerxes in 481 B.C.E.
Statue of King Leonidas
• Athens was prepared for the attack because they spent many years building up their navy, and they were again
victorious against Persia.
• The Battle of Thermopylae was another important moment in the course of the Persian Wars. In this battle,
King Leonidas of Sparta faced off against the Persian Army of several hundred thousand with his original
Royal Bodyguard of 300, and was supplemented along the way with anywhere from 4-8,000 additional troops
before facing the Persians, though estimates usually sit at about 7,000.
• The last battle of the Persian Wars was in 479 BC. In this battle, the Spartan king Pausanias led Greece against
remaining Persians in the area. Most significant in this battle was the killing of Mardonius, a leader of the
Persian army.
The History of Marathons
TABLE 1.2:
figure*
Statue of Pheidippides along the Marathon Road
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The marathons that we know today have their origins in the Battle of Marathon. Marathons are based on the famous
run of a messenger named Pheidippides.
It is said that he ran from the battlefield of Marathon to Athens, supposedly running into the god Pan on his way
back to announce Greek victory. He then ran to Sparta to ask for help and ran all the way back. There is also a story
that he collapsed and died after the conclusion of his journey, though this is not supported by any ancient source.
This long journey inspired the marathon in 1896 in the first Olympics in Athens. Marathons as we know them have
been around since.
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