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Life Science - Problem Solving / Critical Thinking You be the Doc! Name: Hour: Read the descriptions of various bacterial diseases. For each disease, the bacterial agent is written in italics. Then diagnose the bacterial disease of fictitious patients based on the case histories presented. Botulism: very dangerous form of food poisoning: Clostridium botulinum; symptoms include headache, weakness, constipation, and nerve paralysis; may cause death if respiratory organs are paralyzed Cholera: common in areas where sanitation is very poor; acute and infectious; Vibrio cholerae; symptoms include severe diarrhea and vomiting, extreme dehydration, muscle cramps, and prostration Gonorrhea: a sexually transmitted disease; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; attacks the reproductive system; symptoms do not appear immediately and include painful urination, pus discharged from the penis or vagina; if untreated, may result in sterility Lobar Pneumonia: inflammation of the lung; leading cause of death in infants and the elderly; Streptococcus pheumoniae; solidified lung tissue prevents air from entering alveoli Scarlet Fever: contagious childhood disease; Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci; symptoms include sore throat, swelling of lymph nodes in neck, bright red rash, nausea, hot dry skin, and fever Tetanus: fatal unless treated; Clostridium tetani; symptoms include lockjaw, muscle spasms, convulsions, stiffness, restlessness, headache, and chills; bacterial organisms enter the body through a puncture wound Typhoid Fever: transmitted by contaminated water and food; Salmonella typhosa; symptoms include sore throat, high fever, loss of appetite, diarrhea and constipation, and periods of sweating and chills Whooping Cough: infectious disease common in children under 10; Bordetella pertussis; symptoms include chills, vomiting, and bluish skin caused by extreme coughing which limits the amount of air entering the alveoli Fictitious Patients Disease Name Patient A: 82 years old; has generally poor health; has sharp chest pains, blood-streaked saliva, high fever, and rapid pulse rate; X-ray confirms solid material in the lung tissue A: Patient B: 6 years old; mother thought the child had a slight cold until a red rash broke out; child is listless and has a slight fever B: Patient C: recently traveled to an undeveloped country and unknowingly consumed contaminated food and water; proper toilet facilities were non-existent; exhibits severe muscle cramps and dehydration C: Patient D: food handler in rural areas where proper toilet facilities are not always available; exhibits a very high fever and chills; blood in his stool D: Patient E: 30 years old; recently discovered a whitish fluid being discharged by penis; has had severe pain in urination for the last several weeks; tests show inflamed testes resulting in sterility E: Patient F: teenager walking barefoot in a construction area has been punctured with a rusty nail; several days later he exhibited mild convulsions that rapidly became more severe F: Patient G: has recently eaten food from a dented can; has difficulty in seeing, swallowing, and breathing G: Now imagine you are working in a lab in a medical office. One day, you find all of the bacteria below in the field of vision of your microscope. Itβs up to you to identify each of these bacteria and separate the harmful ones from those that have a helpful purpose β circle helpful if it makes food (+) or harmful if it causes disease (-). You will need to use the bacterial key below. Name of Bacteria Helpful or Harmful (+ or -) 1. ________________________________________ + or β 2. ________________________________________ + or - 3. ________________________________________ + or - 4. ________________________________________ + or - 5. ________________________________________ + or - 6. ________________________________________ + or - 7. ________________________________________ + or β 8. ________________________________________ + or - 1 2 6 5 3 7 8 4 Bacterium Key 1a if the bacterium is round, go to 2 1b if the bacterium is not round, go to 5 2a 2b if the bacterium is paired, go to 3 if the bacterium is not paired, go to 4 3a 3b if the bacterium has a thick covering, it is Diplococcus pneumoniae which causes pneumonia if the bacterium does not have a thick covering, it is Diplococcus meningitides which causes spinal meningitis 4a 4b if the bacterium is in a chain, it is Streptococcus lactis which helps form buttermilk, a food if the bacterium is in clumps, it is Staphylococcus aureus which causes toxic shock and boils 5a 5b if the bacterium is rod shaped, go to 6 if the bacterium is spiral shaped, it is Treponema pallidum which causes syphilis 6a 6b if the bacterium is in pairs, it is Bacillus lactis which helps form sauerkraut, a food if the bacterium is single, go to 7 7a 7b if the bacterium has a single bulge in the middle, it is Bacillus botulinum which causes food poisoning if the bacterium has a single bulge at the end, it is Bacillus tetani which causes tetanus ANSWER KEY Fictitious Patients Disease Name Patient A: 82 years old; has generally poor health; has sharp chest pains, blood-streaked saliva, high fever, and rapid pulse rate; X-ray confirms solid material in the lung tissue A: LOBAR PNEUMONIA Patient B: 6 years old; mother thought the child had a slight cold until a red rash broke out; child is listless and has a slight fever B: SCARLET FEVER Patient C: recently traveled to an undeveloped country and unknowingly consumed contaminated food and water; proper toilet facilities were non-existent; exhibits severe muscle cramps and dehydration C: CHOLERA Patient D: food handler in rural areas where proper toilet facilities are not always available; exhibits a very high fever and chills; blood in his stool D: TYPHOID FEVER Patient E: 30 years old; recently discovered a whitish fluid being discharged by penis; has had severe pain in urination for the last several weeks; tests show inflamed testes resulting in sterility E: GONORRHEA Patient F: teenager walking barefoot in a construction area has been punctured with a rusty nail; several days later he exhibited mild convulsions that rapidly became more severe F: TETANUS Patient G: has recently eaten food from a dented can; has difficulty in seeing, swallowing, and breathing G: BOTULISM Name of Bacteria Helpful or Harmful (+ or -) 1. Staphylococcus aureus Harmful 2. Diplococcus pneumoniae Harmful 3. Bacillus tetani Harmful 4. Treponema pallidum Harmful 5. Diplococcus meningitides Harmful 6. Bacillus botulinum Harmful 7. Bacillus lactis Helpful 8. Streptococcus lactis Helpful