Download Birds - MUGAN`S BIOLOGY PAGE

Birds
By Michelle Anderson and Carly Poesch
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Aves
Habitat
• In time, birds have
adapted to live in
diverse regions
including: Forests,
mountains, deserts,
oceans, marshes, and
many more
Food Source
• Early in earth’s
history, birds ate
animal food, but seed
eating came later
• They now eat almost
everything including:
Nectar, roots, grass,
and seeds
Importance to Humans and
Environment
• Birds that eat other
animals or, predator
birds, have an important
role in the food chain.
• They keep rodents
under control, helping
farmers.
• Birds help stop the
spread of some diseases.
• Birds spread pollen and
seed to help
reproduction of plants.
Unique Characteristics
• For a 170 lb. man to exert
as much energy as a bird,
he would have to eat 285
lbs of hamburger or
double his weight in
potatoes.
• Some birds have
hollow bones to make
them lighter, so they
can fly.
• Some birds can
maintain a body temp
of 40 degrees Celsius
even on cold winter
days
Skeletal/Support System
Click here
Respiration
Click
Here
Respiration
• Birds need a steady
stream of oxygen to
fly, and to be able to
release large
amounts of CO2
• The respiration cycle
of a bird is much
more effective than a
mammals,
transferring more air
with each breath
• Basically, birds
breath in and out at
the same time
Reproductive System
• 95% of birds are socially
monogamous, they pair
with one mate for at least
the length of the breeding
season.
• Cloaca is the
reproductive organ in
birds.
• Eggs are fertilized and
given nutrients inside the
female before the hard
shell forms.
Sensory/Nervous system
• Birds are very intelligent,
they must fly at high
speeds, catch prey from
long distances, and
migrate thousands of
miles.
• This demands lots of
gathering and processing
information
• Bird senses are more
advanced than humans.
• Birds have great vision,
but taste and smell are
not as well developed.
Sensory System-Migration
• Birds have a sixth
sense-to migrate
• It is a magnetic sense;
like an internal
compass
•Some few birds, do not
have this sense and have
learned to use the stars for
migration
Circulatory System
• Birds have a closed
circulatory system.
• A Closed Circulatory
system is a blood
circulation system in
which blood moves
through the body in
closed vessels.
Excretory System
• Bird’s waste systems are
much like reptiles
• Waste is removed from
blood from the kidney
• Then converted to uric
acid and put in the
cloaca
• There water is absorbed
and bird droppings are
formed
Digestive System
• Click Here
Examples
Flamingo
Toucan
King
Penguin
Humming
Bird
Bird Flight
Feathers
• Feathers are an
adaptation that has
enabled them to
become successful.
• Birds have been
around since the time
of the dinosaurs
• http://www.natureswo
nderland.biz/peacocki
nframe.jpg
Beak Adaptations
• The beaks are
adapted to the kind of
food the bird eats.
• The toucan has a
large, strong beak to
slice food
• The long beak of a
pelican is ideal for
getting fish
Bird Feet
• Birds have hind limbs
used for walking,
swimming, running, or
perching
• Front limbs have
modified into wings
Endotherms
• Definition of
Endotherms: The
heat from within
• The bird’s body is
insulated enough to
conserve most of its
metabolic energy.
• They can maintain a
constant high body
temp
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Orders
• There are 27 orders
of birds
• More than ½ are
Passeriformes, which
include house
sparrows and
perching birds
• StruthionifrmesOstriches
• Casuariiforms- Emus
Works Cited
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Anatomy. 1 Apr. 2008 <http://www.life.uiuc.edu/clayton/>.
Anatomy and Physiology of Birds. 2 Apr. 2008.
Bird Anatomy. Anatomy of Animals. 7 Apr. 2008 <http://universe-review.ca/R10-33anatomy.htm#birds>.
Bird Beaks Names.
http://pics.davesgarden.com/pics/debnes_dfw_tx_1190919093_599.jpg. 3 Apr. 2008.
Birds. 1 Apr. 2008
<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/graphics/2008/03/26/eabirds126.jpg>.
Birds Feet. Children's Page. 4 Apr. 2008
<http://www.janetemarshall.co.nz/nonamechildren's%20page.htm>.
Brown Thrasher. 4 Apr. 2008
<http://picasaweb.google.com/gilbertson.scott/BirdsGenerally/photo#5084965977216
247394>.
Digestive System. Dkimages. 2 Apr. 2008
<http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Animals/Birds/Anatomy/InternalAnatomy/Digestive-System/Digestive-System-1.html>.
Excretory System. 4 Apr. 2008 <http://www.noahsarkzoofarm.co.uk/visiting//noahsark-collage-2/>.
Grasse, Pierre P. "The Digestive System." Larousse Encyclopedia of the Animal
World. 1969th ed. 1 vols. 1969.
Greater Flamingos At the Audubon Zoo in New Orleans. National Geographic. 5 Apr.
2008 <http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/printable/greaterflamingo.html>.
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Humming Bird. 5 Apr. 2008
<http://www.cssplay.co.uk/menu/slides/hummingbird.jpg>.
Internal Anatomy. Dkimages. 1 Apr. 2008
<http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Animals/Birds/Anatomy/InternalAnatomy/Brain/Brain-1.html>.
The King Penguin: Coming Soon. 5 Apr. 2008 <king-penguins.com/>.
Miller, and Levine. Biology the Living Science. Upper Saddle River:
Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1998. 483.
Perterson, Roger. The Birds. 1963.
"Skelatal System." 21 Mar. 2008. 30 Mar. 2008 <wikipedia.org>.
Tucan. Wikipedia. 5 Apr. 2008
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Tucan.jpg>.
Urban Hawks. NYC. Urban Hawks. 1 Apr. 2008
<http://urbanhawks.blogs.com/urban_hawks/2007/02/index.html>.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 3 Apr. 2008
<http://www.mmoca.org/starrytransit/bird_migration.php>.
Why Birds Migrate. 1 Apr. 2008
<http://animalbase.blogspot.com/2007/03/why-birds-migrate.html>.
Wilson's Warbler September 2006. 7 Apr. 2008
<http://pics.davesgarden.com/pics/debnes_dfw_tx_1190919093_599.jpg>.
World's 2nd Biggest Bird: the Emu. 5 Apr. 2008
<http://www.fenichel.com/emu.shtml>.