Download Human Anatomy and Body Systems

Human Anatomy and Body Systems
Slide 1: Levels of Organization
Remember, the human body is organized in several levels, from the simplest to the most complex. . .
_______ – the basic unit of life
_______– clusters of cells performing a similar function
_______ – made of tissues that perform one specific function
___________ – groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body
***The purpose of the 11 organ systems is for the human body to maintain ___________.
Slide 2: The 11 Human Body Systems
The 11 human body systems are as follows:
-- nervous system
-- integumentary system -- respiratory system
system -- excretory system
-- skeletal system
-- muscular system
-- circulatory system
-- digestive
-- endocrine system
-- reproductive system -- lymphatic (immune) system
Slide 3: The Digestive System
Purpose: to convert food into simpler substances to be absorbed into bloodstream and used by the body
Major Organs and their Functions:
________ – to chew and grind up food
-- ________ also begins the chemical breakdown
Esophagus – pipe connects mouth to _________
Stomach – secretes an extraordinarily strong acid (pH = 2) that breaks down of food
-- once the food is broken down in the stomach and mixed with digestive juices, it is called _______
Slide 4: Digestive System Organs Continued…
Pancreas – produces the hormone _______ that regulates blood sugar levels
-- also help neutralize stomach acid
________ – produces bile, which breaks down fats in foods
Gallbladder – pouch-like organ that stores ______ for future use
Small _________ – after digestion is complete, the chyme enters the small intestine where it is absorbed into the
bloodstream
-- the chyme is propelled along by folded surfaces called ________, on the intestine
__________ Intestine – removes water from the chyme and gets the waste ready for excretion
Slide 6: The Excretory System
Purpose: to rid the body of ___________, including excess water and _______
Major Organs and Their Functions
___________ – the main organs of the excretory system
-- waste-laden blood enters the kidney and the kidney ________ out urea, excess water and waste products,
which eventually travel out of the kidney as ________
-- eventually they travel through the _________ to the urinary _________
Rectum – solid (food) waste travels out of the body through the _________
Slide 7: Organs of the Excretory System Continued…
Skin – sweat __________ remove excess water and salts from the body
Lungs – expel the waste gas ________________
Slide 8: The Respiratory System
Purpose: to provide the body with oxygen for _______________________________ and remove the carbon dioxide
waste
Major Organs and Their Functions
_________ – internal entry and exit point for air
Pharynx – serves as a passage way for both air and food at the back of _________
_________ – your “voicebox”, as air passes over your vocal chords, you speak
Trachea – the “windpipe”, or what connects your pharynx to your _________
-- a piece of skin, called the epiglottis, covers the trachea when you swallow, preventing food from entering
Slide 9: Major Organs of the Respiratory System Continued…
__________ – the two large passageways that lead from the trachea to your lungs (one for each lung)
-- the bronchi are further subdivided into __________
-- eventually, the further subdivisions lead to tiny air sacs called _________
-- alveoli are in clusters, like ________
-- capillaries surrounding each alveolus is where the exchange of gases with the blood occurs
The ____________ is the muscle that causes you to breath
-- __________ are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm
Slide 11: The Circulatory System
Purpose: to deliver _____________ blood to your cells so they can perform cellular respiration
Major Organs and Their Functions
_________ – the major muscle of the circulatory system
-- pumps blood through its four __________ (two ventricles and two atria)
-- pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it gets oxygenated, returned to the heart, and then pumped
out through the _________ to the rest of the body
-- __________ regulate the flow of blood between the chambers
Slide 12: Major Organs of the Circulatory System Continued
Arteries – carry blood away from the heart and to the __________ __________ of the body
Veins – carry blood back to the _________ away from the major organs of the body
Capillaries – small blood vessels where ______ exchange occurs
Blood – the cells that flow through the ______________ system
-- red blood cells contain _________________, an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen
-- ___________ blood cells function in the immune system
-- platelets help in blood ______________
Spleen – helps to filter out __________ in the blood
Slide 14: The Nervous System
Purpose: to ____________ the body’s response to changes in its internal/external environment (sends electrical
messages)
Major Organs and Their Functions
_____________ – control center of the body, where all processes are relayed through
-- consists of cerebrum (controls though and senses) and cerebellum (controls motor functions)
Spinal Cord – sends __________ to the body and vice versa
-- any organism with a major nerve cord is classified as a ______________
Nerves – send impulses to ___________ cells throughout the body
Slide 16: The Endocrine System
Purpose: to control growth, _____________, metabolism and _______________ through hormones
Major Organs
-- hypothalamus
-- pituitary gland
-- thyroid
-- parathyroid
-- adrenal glands
-- pancreas
-- testes
-- ovaries
Slide 17: The Skeletal System
Purpose: to provide ____________ and ________________ to the human body
New blood cells are made in your bones (_____________), and require the mineral _________ for strength
Major Bones of the Human Body
-- femur (thigh bone)
-- humerus (upper arm)
-- radius and ulna (lower arm) -- cranium (skull)
-- sternum (breastbone)
-- clavicle (shoulder blade)
-- fibula and tibia (calf)
-- vertebrae (back)
-- scalpula (shoulder)
-- pelvic bone
-- coccyx (tail bone)
-- phalanges (fingers/toes)
Slide 18: The Muscular System
Purpose: works with the skeletal and ________ system to produce movement, also helps to circulate blood through the
human body
-- muscle cells are ____________
-- ____________ contractions can be voluntary or involuntary
Major Muscles in the Human Body
-- ____________
-- glutes
-- triceps
-- hamstrings
-- _____________
Slide 19: The Immune System
Purpose: to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body
Major Organs and Their Functions
_______ – (largest organ!) also called the integumentary system, the skin is the body’s first line of defense
White Blood Cells – recognize diseases agents (_____________) and create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens
-- ______________ are the white blood cell type that actually eats and destroys these antigens
Lymph __________ – help restore fluid lost by the blood and return it to the circulatory system