Download Packet #5

8.6.a. Carbon in Living Things
1) Why is carbon an important element in living systems?
a) it forms ions essential for life
c) it remains a pure substance in a number of different environments
b) it is a component of a wide variety of molecules important for life
d) it helps break down isomers
2) What is the maximum number of bonds one carbon atom can form?
a.) 1
b.) 2
c.) 4
3) What types of bonds do carbon atoms form?
a) single covalent and ionic bonds only
c) single, double, and triple covalent bonds
d.) 6
b) single and double covalent bonds only
d) single, double, triple, and ionic and covalent bonds
Refer to this structural formula (on the right) to answer questions 4 – 6.
4) Which type of bond is shown between the two carbon atoms in the molecule shown here?
a.) a single bond
b.) a double bond
c.) a triple bond
d.) a quadruple bond
5) Which type of bond is shown between the carbon atom and the chlorine atom in the molecule shown here?
a.) a single bond
b.) a double bond
c.) a triple bond
d.) a quadruple bond
6) An isomer of the molecule shown here exists. Which of the following could be true of this isomer?
a) it could have an additional carbon atom
b) it could have one less carbon atom
c) it could have an additional chlorine atom
d) the atoms in the molecule could be arranged differently
8.6.b. Elements in Living Things
1) What are the six main elements found in living things?
a.) calcium, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, potassium, and sodium
c.) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, magnesium, and iron
b.) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
d.) hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, cesium, and boron
2) Which element is common in both living things and in the Earth’s crust?
a.) carbon
b.) nitrogen
c.) oxygen
d.) sulfur
3) What kind of bond does the common elements in living things form?
a.) metallic
b.) ionic
c.) covalent
d.) these elements don’t form bonds
4) What makes the bonds between the common atoms in living things strong?
a.) they are light nonmetals
b.) they are transition metals
5) Which pair of elements can each form triple bonds?
a.) carbon and hydrogen
b.) carbon and nitrogen
c.) they are alkaline earth metals
c.) oxygen and nitrogen
d.) the bonds are ionic
d.) oxygen and phosphorus
6) Which of these organisms is most likely to incorporate the largest percentage of the element calcium in its tissues?
a.) bacteria, because of their cell walls
c.) plants, because they grow in soil
b.) moths, because they can fly
d.) zebras, because of their bones
7) Which element is found in small amounts in the membrane that surrounds each cell?
a.) carbon
b.) magnesium
c.) phosphorus
8) Which of the following is a trace element found in living things?
b.) hydrogen
b.) iron
c.) silicon
d.) sodium
d.) uranium
8.6.c. Molecules in Living Things
1) What is a function of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body?
a.) regulate the pH of blood b.) adds structure to the hair
c.) energy source
2) What is sodium chlorine (NaCI)?
a.) a protein
b.) a carbohydrate
c.) an ionic compound
3) What type of substance is protein?
a.) it is a small molecule
b.) it is a large molecule
c.) it is an ionic compound
4) What type of substance is calcium phosphate ((Ca3(PO4)2)?
a.) it is a small molecule
b.) it is a large molecule
c.) it is an ionic compound
d.) energy storage
d.) a covalent compound
d.) it is an ion
d.) it is an ion
5) Which small molecule makes up about 70 percent of cells?
a.) DNA
b.) fat
c.) oxygen
d.) water
6) Which of these large molecules are important for energy storage?
a.) DNA and lipids
b.) DNA and RNA
c.) lipids and starches
d.) RNA and starches