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U.S. History
EOC Review
The Cold War Era
This line of latitude
separates communist
North Korea and the
U.S.- backed Republic
of Korea.
38th Parallel
These are policies designed
to promote equal education
or employment access for
minority groups that have
previously been
discriminated against.
Affirmative Action
This is an American State
Department official accused
of being a spy for the
Soviet Union in 1948 by the
House Committee on UnAmerican Activities (HUAC).
Alger Hiss
As director of the CIA
during the Kennedy
administration, this man
was criticized for the
failure of the Bay of Pigs
Invasion.
Allen Dulles
This Cold-War program of
the Kennedy administration
was designed to establish
economic cooperation
between North and South
America.
Alliance for Progress
This was an uprising of
Native Americans in the
United States that included
the seizure of the Bureau of
Indian Affairs and a
standoff at Wounded Knee.
American Indian Movement
This is the name given to the
Senate hearings that
investigated Senator Joseph
McCarthy's conflicting
accusations about a
communist present in part of
the U.S. military.
Army McCarthy Hearings
This was the nuclear
weapon used by the
U.S. to force Japan to
surrender during
WWII.
Atomic Bomb
This is the term used
to refer to people who
were born during a
population "explosion"
after World War II.
Baby Boomers
This was the unsuccessful
attempt to overthrow the
Cuban government of Fidel
Castro by Cuban exiles. It
was funded by the US in
1961.
Bay of Pigs
This is the name given to
a literary and cultural
movement of the 1950s
that became popularized
by writer Jack Kerouac.
Beatniks
This was a delivery of
supplies in a German
city to circumvent the
Soviet blockade.
Berlin Airlift
This was the most prominent
part of the GDR border system
and a symbol of the cold war
that separated the East and
West, communist and noncommunist, parts of this
German city.
Berlin Wall
She was an American
feminist, activist and
writer, best known her
book "The Feminine
Mystique" (1963).
Betty Friedan
This was a political party founded in
Oakland by Huey P. Newton and
Bobby Seale on October 15, 1966,
advocating a policy of protecting
black neighborhoods from police
brutality and supporting social
welfare programs in major cities
around the country.
Black Panthers
This is the political slogan
associated with the
increased sense of racial
pride of African Americans
in the 1960s and 1970s.
Black Power
This is the practice of
threatening an enemy
with massive military
retaliation for any
aggression.
Brinkmanship
This is the country was
secretly and illegally
bombed by the United
States during the course of
the Vietnam War in 1969
and 1970.
Cambodia
This was the name given by
the Western Allies to the
best-known Berlin Wall
crossing point between East
Germany and West Germany
during the Cold War.
Checkpoint Charlie
This civil rights
movement of the 1960s
was formed to guarantee
equal rights to Mexican
Americans.
Chicano
This term refers to the laws
that protect citizens from
undue or unwarranted
government intrusion into
their lives, either personal
or as an organization.
Civil Rights
Signed into law by President
Johnson, this bill protected
African Americans and
women from job
discrimination and any
discrimination in public
places.
Civil Rights Act
Since the 1960s
Congress has passed
several laws by this
name in order to keep
smog under control.
Clean Air Act
Since the 1970s
Congress has passed
numerous versions of
this law in order to help
prevent water pollution.
Clean Water Act
This was a name given to
the relations between the
U.S. & the Soviet Union in
the second half of the 20th
century which saw the
buildup of nuclear arms.
Cold War
This is an economic system
proposed by Karl Marx in which
all means of production are
owned by the proletariat, but are
controlled by the government
when practiced by countries such
as the Soviet Union and China.
Communism
This is the name given to
European countries during
the Cold War who were allied
with the Soviet Union and its
mutual defense organization,
The Warsaw Pact.
Communist Bloc
This was a foreign policy
designed to stop the
spread (domino effect) of
communism in Southeast
Asia.
Containment
This Caribbean country
lies to the south of
Florida and is the only
Communist government
in the Western
Hemisphere.
Cuba
This was a confrontation
between the Soviet Union
and the United States over
nuclear missiles the Soviets
had allegedly deployed to
Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis
This event took place in the
Western Hemisphere from July
26, 1953, to January 1, 1959,
resulting in the overthrow of
Fulgencio Batista and the
creation of a communist
government.
Cuban Revolution
This means segregation that
comes from personal choice or
choices, such as living in certain
areas or attending certain
places of worship. Courts have
not become involved in this kind
of segregation.
De Facto
This means
segregation that is
mandated by law. This
kind of segregation is
unconstitutional.
De Jure
This is the name given to the
strip of land that runs roughly
along the 38th Parallel in Asia
and serves as the dividing line
between North Korea and
South Korea.
Demilitarized Zone
In this type of
government, political and
governmental power is
held by the citizens of
the country.
Democracy
This was the belief that if
one land in a region
came under the influence
of communists, then
more would follow.
Domino Theory
This was a United States
general who served as chief of
staff and commanded Allied
forces in the South Pacific
during World War II; he
accepted the surrender of
Japan (1880-1964).
Douglas MacArthur
This was a United States
general who supervised the
invasion of Normandy and
the defeat of Nazi Germany;
34th President of the United
States (1890-1961).
Dwight Eisenhower
During the Cold War, this
was the portion of
Germany what existed as
a socialist state and a
"satellite" of the Soviet
Union.
East Germany
This "Great Society"
legislation included several
programs to promote the
health, education, and
general welfare of the poor.
Economic Opportunity Act Of 1964
This presidential election saw
Republican Richard Nixon defeat
Democratic candidate Hubert
Humphrey and Independent candidate
George Wallace, but was also marred
by the assassination of Robert
Kennedy, civil unrest, and continued
protests over the Vietnam War.
Election Of 1968
This person became the
first national- and
international- rock and roll
star with hits such as
"Hound Dog" and "Jailhouse
Rock."
Elvis Presley
This is a Federal Agency
begun in 1970 by
President Nixon to protect
human health and the air,
water and land.
Environmental Protection Agency
This is an advocacy
for, or work toward,
protecting nature from
destruction or
pollution.
Environmentalism
This law passed under the
Kennedy administration
was designed to "prohibit
discrimination on account
of sex in the payment of
wages by employers."
Equal Pay Act Of 1963
This is a proposed
amendment that would
guarantee equal rights under
the law for Americans
regardless of sex, brought
about by women in the 1960s
and 1970s.
Equal Rights Amendment
These were the people who
were convicted and, in 1953,
executed for conspiring to
commit espionage against
the United States (for the
Soviet Union).
Ethel And Julius Rosenberg
This is the movement
aimed at equal rights
for women.
Feminist Movement
Beginning in May 1961, this was a series of
Civil Rights actions in which integrated
groups of activists rode commercial buses
(such as Greyhound and Trailways) into the
segregated South. A US Supreme Court
decision in 1960 had said that interstate
bus routes could not be segregated,
regardless of laws in the individual states
they passed through. These actions were
designed to test that ruling and to help
overturn Jim Crow laws in southern states.
Freedom Rides
This was a campaign
launched in 1964
attempting to register
African American voters
from the southern states.
Freedom Summer
This is what provided for
college or vocational
education for WWII
veterans as well as oneyear of unemployment
compensation.
G.I. Bill
This was the policy of
public openness in the
Soviet Union government
in the 1980s introduced
by Mikhail Gorbachev.
Glasnost
This is the name given to a
situation in which a qualified
job-holder is denied
advancement based on some
form of discrimination,
usually based on one's sex
or race.
Glass Ceiling
He was the last leader of the Soviet
Union whose programs of perestroika
(economic "restructuring"•
) and
glasnost (political "openness"•
)
loosened the restrictions on Soviet
and Eastern European peoples. The
result was the eventual collapse of the
communist governments in the
region.
Gorbachev
This is the name given to
President Lyndon B. Johnson's
domestic programs, among
them VISTA, Job Corps, Head
Start, the "War on Poverty,"
and the Medicare and
Medicaid programs.
Great Society
This was an agreement in
Congress that facilitated
an increase of U.S.
involvement in the
Vietnam War.
Gulf Of Tonkin Resolution
He was 33rd President of the
United States, taking over
after the death of Franklin
Roosevelt, and was
responsible for giving the
orders to drop the atomic
bomb on Hiroshima in 1945.
Harry Truman
This "Great Society" legislation
was designed “to strengthen the
educational resources of our
colleges and universities and to
provide financial assistance for
students in postsecondary and
higher education.”
Higher Education Act Of 1965
He was the Prime
Minister of North Vietnam
from 1946-1969 and led
North Vietnam during the
Vietnam War.
Ho Chi Minh
This is the name of the
network of small roads and
paths throughout eastern
Cambodia and were used
by North Vietnam during
the Vietnam War.
Ho Chi Minh Trail
This is the name of the group in the
House of Representatives that, in
1947, began hearings to expose
communist infiltration in American
life. Unfortunately, a good deal of the
evidence they used was based on
hearsay and conjecture, meaning
innocent people were harmed by their
findings.
HUAC
This the name given to the
uprising that took place in
Budapest in the mid-1950s
that challenged Soviet
control of the country,
resulting in the over 15,000
civilian casualties.
Hungarian Revolution
This type of weapon uses
nuclear fusion to produce a
shock and fire wave that is
the most destructive manmade force in the world.
Hydrogen Bomb
On August 28, 1963, this
speech was given by Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. who
organized a massive march
on Washington to advocate
for civil rights.
I Have A Dream
This is a western name for
the boundary which
symbolically and physically
divided Europe from the
end of WWII until the end
of the Cold War.
Iron Curtain
In 1962, this African
American Air Force veteran
won a federal case that
allowed him to enroll in the
University of Mississippi, an
all-white school.
James Meredith
Laws requiring that
facilities and
accommodations,
public and private, be
segregated by race.
Jim Crow
The 35th President of the United
States, he was known for leading
the failed "Bay of Pigs" invasion,
successfully leading the country
during the "Cuban Missile Crisis,"
and for being assassinated while
in Dallas, Texas, in November of
1963.
John F. Kennedy
This Wisconsin senator gained
fame by making claims that
there were large numbers of
Communists and Soviet spies
and sympathizers inside the
United States federal
government.
Joseph McCarthy
He was the totalitarian
dictator of the Soviet
Union from 1928
through 1953.
Joseph Stalin
These were the first
presidential debates held
on television in 1960 and
helped influence the
outcome of a very close
race.
Kennedy-Nixon Debates
In this 1963 speech President
Kennedy criticized
communism and the Soviets
when he stated that
democratic governments had
"never had to put up a wall to
keep our people in."
Kennedy’s Berlin Speech
This was the site of a series
of student shootings, and 4
deaths, by the Ohio
National Guard during a
protest of the U.S. invasion
of Cambodia.
Kent State
He was the leader of the
Soviet Union during the
Bay of Pigs invasion, the
construction of the Berlin
Wall, and the Cuban
Missile Crisis.
Khrushchev
This was a national
conflict in an Asian
country aided by Russia
in the North and the U.S.
in the South (19501953).
Korean War
This was written in
1963 to defend the
author's peaceful civil
rights campaign.
Letter From A Birmingham Jail
In 1957, this was the
school that was
integrated by nine black
students who were
escorted by troops from
the United States Army.
Little Rock Central High
He was the 36th
President, and took
over following the
assassination of his
predecessor in 1963.
Lyndon Johnson
Often associated with
confrontational Civil Rights protest,
he was a leader in the Nation of
Islam in the United States, an early
advocate of "Black Power," but
became a more moderate voice in
the Civil Rights movement before
his assassination in 1965.
Malcolm X
He was a former U.S.
General who, as
Secretary of State, won
the Nobel Peace Price in
1953 for his plan to
rebuild Europe.
Marshall
Following World War II, this
called for giving away billions
of dollars in aid to help rebuild
war-torn Europe, with the
purpose of creating a viable
trading partner and post-war
allies.
Marshall Plan
He was an American
political activist who
was the most famous
leader of the American
civil rights movement.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
This is a term that
describes the severe
anti-communist suspicion
in the United States in
the 1940s and 1950s.
McCarthyism
This is a health program
sponsored by the United
States Government that
provides services to
individuals and families
with low incomes.
Medicaid
Created in 1966, this is
the US publicly funded
health insurance program
for the elderly and the
disabled.
Medicare
This is the name of the
conservative religious
special interest group
that was founded by
Reverend Jerry Falwell in
1979.
Moral Majority
This is the oldest and
largest U.S. civil rights
organization. Members of
this have referred to it as
The National Association.
NAACP
This is an international
organization created by
the U.S. and its allies in
1949 to prevent attacks
by the Soviet Union.
NATO
This was the name of
Kennedy\'s domestic and
foreign programs, including
civil rights, minimum wage,
the Peace Corps and the
space program.
New Frontier
He was the antiCommunist, pro-American
leader of South Vietnam
until he was overthrown in
a U.S. sanctioned coup in
late 1963.
Ngo Dinh Diem
He was President from
1969-1974 and
resigned from office
due to the Watergate
scandal.
Nixon
This is a form of social action
which was widely used
during India's quest for
independence in the early
20th century and the
American Civil Rights
movement in the 1960s.
Nonviolence
This country is a
communist dictatorship
that was established
after World War II and
has the city of
Pyongyang as its capital.
North Korea
This country was led by
Ho Chi Minh from 1945
to 1954, but then took
over the territory to the
south in the 1970s.
North Vietnam
This is an American
feminist group founded in
1966 that seeks to
advance women to equal
standing with men.
NOW
This was created in 1961 by the
Federal Government in order to
"promote world peace and
friendship" by sending trained
Americans to the world's poorest
countries to provide assistance
and training to help them
maintain their basic needs.
Peace Corps
This was a U.S. Supreme
Court decision that
established the legality of
racial segregation so long
as facilities were
"separate but equal."
Plessy v. Ferguson
This the name given to the
unsuccessful uprising that took
place in roughly 200 miles from
Warsaw during the mid-1950s
that challenged communist
control of the country, resulting
in roughly 700 casualties.
Polish Revolution
This meeting of the Allied
leaders was held in the
Summer of 1945 in Eastern
Germany following the Nazi
surrender, and determined the
fate of post-war Germany.
Potsdam Conference
This is the capital of
North Korea and its
largest city with over
2.5 million people.
Pyongyang
Her 1962 book "Silent
Spring" is credited with
helping to start the
environmental movement
of the 1960's and 70's.
Rachel Carson
This was the term used to
refer to the Presidential
economic policies of 19811989; its two main
principles are lower taxes
and smaller government.
Reaganomics
This was the period after each
world war which saw massive
upheaval in the U.S. and fear of
many foreigners. It was
characterized by widespread fears
of Communist influence on U.S.
society and Communist infiltration
of the U.S. government.
Red Scare
He was the Secretary of
Defense during the Bay of
Pigs Invasion, the Cuban
Missile Crisis, and America's
build-up in Vietnam for most
of the 1960s
Robert McNamara
This type of music
became the dominant
form of popular music
in the 1950s and
1960s.
Rock and Roll
This was the Supreme Court
case that declared that most
state and federal laws
restricting abortion were
unconstitutional and violated
women's rights according to
the 14th amendment.
Roe v. Wade
He won Presidential
elections in 1980 and 1984,
and is credited by many
with bringing hope and
optimism back to the
United States.
Ronald Reagan
At the age of 6, she
became famous for
becoming the first African
American child to attend
and all-white school in the
American south.
Ruby Bridges
This is the acronym for
political talks between
the United States and the
USSR regarding nuclear
weapons.
SALT
This is a Civil Rights
organization that was
instrumental in the 60s Civil
Rights Movement. Martin
Luther King was its first
president and it is rooted in
nonviolent civil disobedience.
SCLC
This was a youth-centered
organization of the 1960s whose
purpose was to nonviolently
foster a "participatory democracy"•
in the US that would end wars
and racism. It stopped formal
protests in 1969 and was
disbanded by 1972.
SDS
This is the name of a group of
countries, mainly in Southeast
Asia, that was created after
World War II to act as a
mutual defense for the
member states. It is similar to
NATO in Europe.
SEATO
This is the separation of daily
activities, such as eating in a
restaurant, using water
fountains, or riding the bus,
that is based on (usually)
racial makeup.
Segregation
This is the name given to the
series of Marches that took
place in western and central
Alabama in 1965, resulting
initially in brutal police action
as protesters crossed the
Edmund Pettus Bridge.
Selma-Montgomery March
This is the capital of
South Korea and its
largest city with over
11 million people.
Seoul
This is a 1962 novel
written by Rachel Carson
that helped launch the
environmentalism
movement.
Silent Spring
This is a form of peaceful
civil disobedience often
taking place in the 1960s in
which protesters seat
themselves and remain until
evicted by force, or their
demands are met.
Sit-In
This was a racist attack on
a house of worship in
Birmingham, Alabama,
Sunday, September 15,
1963, resulting in the death
of four girls.
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church
This Polish trade union was
founded in 1980 by Lech
Walesa and was the first
non-communist controlled
labor union anywhere in
Soviet-controlled Europe.
Solidarity
This Asian country
officially split with its
northern neighbor in
1948, fighting a war
against them from 1950
to 1953.
South Korea
Also know as the Republic of
Vietnam, this was an
internationally recognized
state which governed Vietnam
south of the 17th parallel until
1975, and its capital was
Saigon.
South Vietnam
This Cold War enemy of
the United States
"collapsed" in 1991 after
years of economic and
political turmoil.
Soviet Union
This was a Cold War
competition between
the U.S. and Soviet
powers for space
exploration.
Space Race
This was the name for the
Soviet Union's program of
unmanned space objects that
were launched in the 1950s.
This satellite's launch in 1957
alarmed the US into speeding
up plans for its space program.
Sputnik
Known as Kwame Ture until his death in 1998,
he was a Trinidadian-American activist in the
1960s American Civil Rights Movement. He
rose to prominence first as a leader of the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC) and later as the "Honorary Prime
Minister" of the Black Panther Party. Initially an
integrationist, he later became affiliated with
black nationalist and Pan-Africanist
movements. He is known for having widely
promoted the phrase, "Black Power."
Stokely Carmichael
A system proposed by U.S.
President Reagan to use
ground- and space-based
systems to protect the U.S.
from strategic nuclear
ballistic missiles.
Strategic Defense Initiative
This word is used to
describe the Cold War
reality of two countries
dominating the world's
foreign policy.
Superpowers
This is a
telecommunications
medium which sends
audio and video, usually
into individual homes.
Television
This was the onslaught in
January of 1968 by North
Vietnamese forces on South
Vietnamese towns and cities,
including the U.S. Embassy
in Saigon, South Vietnam.
Tet Offensive
This ground-breaking
book by Betty Friedan
reshaped American
attitudes towards the
lives and rights of
women.
The Feminine Mystique
This was the African-American
lawyer who won the Brown v.
Board of Education case in
1954 and eventually became
the first African-American
Supreme Court Justice in
1967.
Thurgood Marshall
This Chinese landmark
was built by the Ming
Dynasty in the 1400s,
but is widely known as
the cite of pro-democracy
protests in 1989.
Tiananmen Square
This was a pair of alleged
attacks by North
Vietnamese gunboats on
two American destroyers
in 1964.
Tonkin Gulf Incident
This communication
medium became popular in
the mid-Twentieth Century,
providing people with both
information and
entertainment.
TV
This is an international
organization created
following World War II to
provide a way to
negotiate disputes.
United Nations
This is the name of the
North Vietnamese group
that was both official
army and guerilla group
during the era of the
Vietnam War.
Vietcong
This conflict was fought
between the Democratic
Republic of this country- and
its Communist allies- and the
Republic of this country and
it's allies, namely the United
States.
Vietnam War
This term refers to the strategy
of the United States during the
second-half of the Vietnam War
in which combat operations
were to be turned over entirely
to an American-trained Army of
South Vietnam.
Vietnamization
This was a program created
by President Johnson in
1964 that was designed to
fight the problem of poverty
in the U.S. through
educational and vocational
programs.
VISTA
This is the name of the Federallyowned radio and television
broadcasting service that became
immensely popular in Europe
during World War II and the Cold
War, spreading news,
entertainment, and propaganda.
Voice Of America
This was a congressional
decision that outlawed
voters being subjected to
a literacy test and
created federal
registration for voters.
Voting Rights Act
He was the leader of
Poland's "Solidarity
Movement" in the 1970s
and 1980s, which helped
bring an end to Soviet
domination in the country.
Walesa
This 1964 program of
President Johnson's "Great
Society" was designed to
help impoverished Americans
and expanded the
government's role in social
welfare programs.
War On Poverty
This was a military
alliance between the
Soviet Union and the
countries of Eastern
Europe.
Warsaw Pact
These were large-scale race riots which
lasted six days in a neighborhood of Los
Angeles in August 1965. By the time the
riots subsided, 34 people had been killed,
1,032 injured, and 3,952 arrested. It would
stand as the worst riot in Los Angeles
history until eclipsed by the Los Angeles
riots of 1992. The riots are named for the
neighborhood in which they occurred.
Watts Riot
During the Cold War, this
was the portion of Germany
that resisted communist
control, instead allying with
the United States and other
NATO nations.
West Germany
He was the American General
who commanded American
military operations in the
Vietnam War at its peak from
1964 to 1968, and who served
as U.S. Army Chief of Staff
from 1968 to 1972.
William Westmoreland