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SFR 100 – Topic #3: Chemistry for Biology page 1 Topic #3 Chemistry for Biology. (Campbell and Reece p. 30-45) I. Objectives A. II. III. IV. Provide a basic understanding of chemistry that is needed to understand biology. Importance. A. Structure. B. Energy utilization. C. Evolution. Elements of Life A. Element. B. Compound. C. Elements found in biology Atomic Structure. A. Nucleus. 1. Protons. 2. Neutrons. SFR 100 – Topic #3: Chemistry for Biology page 2 B. Electrons. 1. Definitions: 2. Chemical properties determined by electrons a) b) Potential energy of orbital or shell. (i) Multiple shells at multiple levels (ii) Farther away from nucleus, more potential energy (iii) Electrons can move between orbitals Outermost electrons determine chemical properties. (i) Valance electrons. (ii) Maximum number. (iii) Chemical reactions will go toward filling the outer shell SFR 100 – Topic #3: Chemistry for Biology page 3 C. V. VI. Movement of charges = chemical energy!. Chemical Reactions A. Making and breaking of chemical bonds – sharing or transfer of elections B. Breaking. C. Forming. Covalent Bonds - Electron sharing between molecules. A. B. Bonding capacity –. 1. Hydrogen. 2. Carbon. 3. Nitrogen. 4. Oxygen. Compounds. 1. Nonpolar. 2. Polar. SFR 100 – Topic #3: Chemistry for Biology page 4 VII. VIII. Ionic Bonds - Electron transfer. A. Electron acceptor. B. Electron donor. C. Ions. D. Ionic bond. E. Disassociate in water. Hydrogen Bonds. A. H forms covalent bond to negative atoms (O,N). B. H part of molecule attracted to another negative atom. C. Water. SFR 100 – Topic #3: Chemistry for Biology page 5 IX. X. Bond Energies. A. Covalent. B. Ionic. C. Hydrogen. Key Terms. H, C, O, N anion atom atomic nucleus cation chemical bond chemical reaction compound covalent bond electron shell electron element energy level energy hydrogen bond ion ionic bond ionic compound molecule neutron nonpolar covalent bond potential energy proton salt valence electron