Download Topic 3: Chemistry for Biology

SFR 100 – Topic #3: Chemistry for Biology page 1
Topic #3
Chemistry for Biology.
(Campbell and Reece p. 30-45)
I.
Objectives
A.
II.
III.
IV.
Provide a basic understanding of chemistry that is needed to understand biology.
Importance.
A.
Structure.
B.
Energy utilization.
C.
Evolution.
Elements of Life
A.
Element.
B.
Compound.
C.
Elements found in biology
Atomic Structure.
A.
Nucleus.
1.
Protons.
2.
Neutrons.
SFR 100 – Topic #3: Chemistry for Biology page 2
B.
Electrons.
1.
Definitions:
2.
Chemical properties determined by electrons
a)
b)
Potential energy of orbital or shell.
(i)
Multiple shells at multiple levels
(ii)
Farther away from nucleus, more potential energy
(iii)
Electrons can move between orbitals
Outermost electrons determine chemical properties.
(i)
Valance electrons.
(ii)
Maximum number.
(iii)
Chemical reactions will go toward filling the outer shell
SFR 100 – Topic #3: Chemistry for Biology page 3
C.
V.
VI.
Movement of charges = chemical energy!.
Chemical Reactions
A.
Making and breaking of chemical bonds – sharing or transfer of elections
B.
Breaking.
C.
Forming.
Covalent Bonds - Electron sharing between molecules.
A.
B.
Bonding capacity –.
1.
Hydrogen.
2.
Carbon.
3.
Nitrogen.
4.
Oxygen.
Compounds.
1.
Nonpolar.
2.
Polar.
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VII.
VIII.
Ionic Bonds - Electron transfer.
A.
Electron acceptor.
B.
Electron donor.
C.
Ions.
D.
Ionic bond.
E.
Disassociate in water.
Hydrogen Bonds.
A.
H forms covalent bond to negative atoms (O,N).
B.
H part of molecule attracted to another negative atom.
C.
Water.
SFR 100 – Topic #3: Chemistry for Biology page 5
IX.
X.
Bond Energies.
A.
Covalent.
B.
Ionic.
C.
Hydrogen.
Key Terms.
H, C, O, N
anion
atom
atomic nucleus
cation
chemical bond
chemical reaction
compound
covalent bond
electron shell
electron
element
energy level
energy
hydrogen bond
ion
ionic bond
ionic compound
molecule
neutron
nonpolar covalent bond
potential energy
proton
salt
valence electron