Download RAD 251 - Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy

October 9, 2009
RAD 251
ADVANCED CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMY
Plan of Instruction
Effective Date: 2009
Version Number: 2009-1
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course provides the radiographer with knowledge of
anatomy of the human body in cross-section. Topics included advanced sectional
anatomy as demonstrated by computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and medical
sonography. Upon completion, the student will be able to identify cross sectional
anatomy from CT, MRI, and medical sonography.
CREDIT HOURS
Theory
2 credit hours
Lab
0 credit hour
Clinical
0 credit hour
Total
2 credit hours
Total Contact Hours - 2
NOTE: Theory credit hours are a 1:1 contact to credit ratio. Colleges may schedule practical lab
hours as 3:1 or 2:1 contact to credit ratio. Clinical hours are 3:1 contact to credit ratio. (Ref
Board Policy 705.01)
The Alabama Community College System
Copyright© 2009
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
PREREQUISITE COURSES
As required by program
CO-REQUISITE COURSES
As required by program
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES


Explain concepts related to cross-sectional anatomy.
Formulate specific clinical considerations for each transverse plane, sagittal
plane, or coronal plane.
INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS
Cognitive - Comprehend advanced concepts of cross sectional anatomy.
Psychomotor– There are no psychomotor goals directly associated with this course.
Affective – There are no affective goals directly associated with this course.
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES/OBJECTIVES
Unless otherwise indicated, evaluation of students’ attainment of cognitive and
performance objectives is based on knowledge and skills gained from this course.
Competencies specified for each module may be set by certification agencies, national
and state codes, health care facility policies, locally developed lab/clinical assignments,
or any combination. Students are expected to utilize relevant technology for patients’
care and records documentation. This course is based on the American Society of
Radiologic Technologists Radiography Curriculum (2007).
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE A – INTRODUCTION TO CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMY
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
A1.0
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
Explain concepts related to
A1.1 This competency is measured
cross-sectional anatomy.
cognitively.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
A1.1.1 Define terms associated with radiographic sectional anatomy.
A1.1.2 Identify anatomical/positioning planes.
A1.1.3 Identify directional terms to describe the relative position of one body part
to another.
A1.1.4 Define regional terms.
A1.1.5 Differentiate between normal and abnormal anatomical images.
MODULE A OUTLINE
 Anatomical/Positional planes
 Transverse
 Coronal
 Sagittal
 Midsaggital
 Parasagittal
 Frontal
 Regional terms
 Anterior
 Ventral
 Posterior
 Dorsal
 Distal
 Proximal
 Superior
 Cranial
 Inferior
 Caudal
 Medical
 Mesial
 Lateral
 Supine
 Prone
 Normal and abnormal indicators
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE B – THE HEAD
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
B1.0
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
Formulate specific clinical
B1.1 This competency is measured
considerations for each
cognitively.
transverse plane, sagittal plane,
or coronal plane.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
B1.1.1 Define terms associated with radiographic sectional anatomy of the
head.
B1.1.2 Describe anatomical structures for the head.
B1.1.3 Describe sectional anatomy of specified regions.
MODULE B OUTLINE
 Bones of the skull and cranium
 Skull and cranium
 Cranial cavity
 Facial skeleton
 Paranasal sinuses
 Foramina of the skull
 The Brain
 Nervous tissue and organization
o White matter structures
o Gray matter structures
 Regions of the brain
o Cerebrum to include hemispheres, lobes, fissures, sulci, etc.
o White matter
o Diencephalon to include epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, etc.
o Brainstem
o Cerebellum to include hemispheres and peduncles
 The Ventricle System
 Cerebrospinal fluid
 Choroid plexus
 Lateral ventricles
 Third ventricle
 Fourth ventricle
 Meninges
 Dura Mater and major extensions
 Arachnoid
o Subarachnoid cisterns
 Pia Mater
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE B OUTLINE (Continued)
 Arterial Blood Supply
 Anterior supply (major branches)
 Posterior supply (major branches)
 Circle of Willis
 Venous drainage
 Superficial drainage system
 Dural sinuses
 Internal jugular vein
 Cranial nerves
 The Orbital Cavity
 Skeletal formation of the orbital cavity
 Bulbus oculi (eyeball)
o Fibrous tunic
o Vascular tunic
 Orbital muscles
 Vascular supply
 Optic Nerve
 Auditory Canal
 Temporal bone and bony structures
 Vestibulocochlear nerve and course
 Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland
 Sphenoid bone
 Infundibulum
 Hypophysis (pituitary gland)
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE C – THE SPINE
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
C1.0
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
Formulate specific clinical
C1.1 This competency is measured
considerations for each
cognitively.
transverse plane, sagittal plane,
or coronal plane.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
C1.1.1 Define terms associated with radiographic sectional anatomy of the
spine.
C1.1.2 Describe anatomical structures.
C1.1.3 Describe sectional anatomy of specified regions.
MODULE C OUTLINE
 Typical vertebrae components
 Cervical vertebrae components
 Thoracic vertebrae components
 Lumbar vertebrae components
 Sacrum
 Coccyx
 Intervertebral discs
 Nucleus pulposus
 Annulus fibrosus
o Herniated disc
 Vertebral column
 Sections
 Curvatures
 Spinal cord
 Composition
 White matter
 Gray matter
 Conus medullaris
 Cauda equina
 Filum terminale
 Spinal plexus
 Cervical
 Brachial
 Lumbar
 Sacral
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE D – THE SOFT TISSUE NECK
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
D1.0
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
Formulate specific clinical
D1.1 This competency is measured
considerations for each
cognitively.
transverse plane, sagittal plane,
or coronal plane.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
D1.1.1 Define terms associated with radiographic sectional anatomy of the soft
tissue neck.
D1.1.2 Describe anatomical structures.
D1.1.3 Describe sectional anatomy of specified regions.
MODULE D OUTLINE
 Tissue organization
 Suprahyoid
 Infrahyoid
 Viscera of the neck
 Pharynx
o Components, recesses, tonsils, etc.
 Rectopharyngeal space
 Larynx (distinguishing between true and false cords)
 Esophagus
 Trachea
 Thyroid gland
 Salivary glands
o Parotid
o Sublingual
o Submandibular
 Vascular supply (major branches)
 Musculature of the neck
 Muscles of mastication
 Anterior triangle
 Posterior triangle
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE E - THE THORAX
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
E1.0
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
Formulate specific clinical
E1.1 This competency is measured
considerations for each
cognitively.
transverse plane, sagittal plane,
or coronal plane.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
E1.1.1 Define terms associated with radiographic sectional anatomy of the
thorax.
E1.1.2 Describe anatomical structures.
E1.1.3 Describe sectional anatomy of specified regions.
MODULE E OUTLINE
 Skeletal anatomy of the thorax
 Sternum
 Thoracic vertebrae
 Ribs
 Thoracic cavity
 Lungs
 Mediastinum
 Superficial features of the heart
 Chambers and valves
 Vascular supply and drainage
 Coronary arteries
 Cardiac veins
 The great vessels of the heart
 Aorta
o Ascending aorta
 Pulmonary trunk
 Superior vena cava
 Inferior vena cava
 Associated thoracic structures
 Thymus
 Trachea and bronchi
 Esophagus
 Azygos veins
 Breast
 General structure
 Hormonal participation
 Lymphatic system
 Major lymph node chains
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE F – THE ABDOMEN
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
F1.0
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
Formulate specific clinical
F1.1 This competency is
considerations for each transverse
measured cognitively.
plane, sagittal plane, or coronal
plane.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
F1.1.1 Define terms associated with radiographic sectional anatomy of the
abdomen.
F1.1.2 Describe anatomical structures.
F1.1.3 Describe sectional anatomy of specified regions.
MODULE F OUTLINE
 Abdominal regions
 Diaphragm
 Structure
 Openings
 Abdominal musculature
 Anterolateral muscles
 Posterior muscles
 Abdominal peritoneum
 Mesentery
 Peritoneal elements
 Peritoneal Cul-De-Sacs
 Abdominal vasculature
 Abdominal aorta
 Branches
 Venous drainage of the abdomen
 Inferior vena cava and major branches
 Hepatic portal system
 Possible configurations of portal blood supply
 Abdominal viscera
 Liver
o Lobes
o Vasculature
 Gallbladder
 Esophagus
 Stomach
o Vasculature
o Divisions
 Small intestine
o Divisions
 Large intestine
o Divisions
 Spleen
o Vasculature
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
Module F Outline:
 Pancreas
o Vascular landmarks
o Divisions
o Blood Supply
 Kidneys
o Blood supply
o Structure
 Suprarenal gland (Blood supply)
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE G - THE PELVIS
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
G1.0
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
Formulate specific clinical
G1.1 This competency is measured
considerations for each
cognitively.
transverse plane, sagittal plane,
or coronal plane. (B)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
G1.1.1 Define terms associated with radiographic sectional anatomy of the
pelvis.
G1.1.2 Describe anatomical structures.
G1.1.3 Describe sectional anatomy of specified regions.
MODULE G OUTLINE
 Pelvic cavity
 Bony pelvis
 Sacrum
 Coccyx
 Os Coxae
 Pubis
 Ischium
 Acetabulum
 Pelvic musculature
 Wall of the false pelvis
 Pelvic floor
 Wall of the true pelvis
 Vasculature
 Common iliac arteries
 Innervation
 Pelvic viscera
 Gastrointestinal organs
 Urinary organs
 Viscera of female pelvis
 Peritoneal folds
 Ligaments
 Ovaries
 Uterus
o Body
o Fundus
o Uterine wall
o Perimetrium
o Ligamentous attachments
 Cervix
 Vagina
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE G OUTLINE (Continued)
 External genitalia and related perineum
 Regions
 Female external genitalia
 Male external genitalia
 Musculature
 Reproductive organs of the male pelvis
 Scrotum
 Ductus deferens
 Spermatic cord
 Cremaster muscle
 Seminal vesicles
 Prostate
 Bulbourethral glands
 Penis
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE H – THE UPPER EXTREMETY
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
H1.0
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
KSA
Indicators
2
Formulate specific clinical
H1.1 This module is measured
considerations for each
cognitively.
transverse plane, sagittal plane,
or coronal plane.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
H1.1.1 Define terms associated with radiographic sectional anatomy of the
1
upper extremety.
H1.1.2 Describe anatomical structures.
2
H1.1.3 Describe sectional anatomy of specified regions.
2
Module H Outline:
 Shoulder joint
 Bony components
 Ligaments
 Musculature
o Rotator cuff muscles
 Bursae
 Upper arm (brachium)
 Bony components
 Muscular components (Anterior and posterior)
 Vasculature
 Innervation
 Elbow joint
 Bony components
 Articulations
 Ligaments
 Musculature
 Vasculature
 Innervation
 Cubital Fossa
 Musculature
 Fascia
 Contents (identify nerves, arteries, veins and tendons emphasizing a medical to lateral
relationship.)
 Forearm
 Bony components
 Muscular components (anterior and posterior)
 Vasculature
 Innervation
 Wrist
 Bony compartments
 Ligamentous components
 Tendinous components
 Vasculature
 Innervation
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
Module H Outline (continued)
 Hand
 Bony components
 Muscular components
 Vasculature
 Innervation
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE I - LOWER EXTREMITY
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
I1.0
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
KSA
Indicators
2
Formulate specific clinical
I1.1 This competency is measured
considerations for each
cognitively.
transverse plane, sagittal plane,
or coronal plane.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
I1.1.1 Define terms associated with radiographic sectional anatomy of the lower
extremity.
I1.1.2 Describe anatomical structures.
I1.1.3 Describe sectional anatomy of specified regions.
MODULE I OUTLINE
 Hip joint
 Bony components
 Ligamentous components
 Muscular components (Anterior, posterior, and medical groups)
 Vascular components
 Innervation
 The Thigh
 Bony components
 Muscular components (Anterior, medical and posterior compartments)
 Vasculature
 Innervation
 The Knee
 Bony components
 Ligamentous components
o Menisci
o Extracapsular ligaments
 Intracapsular ligaments
 Muscular components
 Neurovascular components
 The Leg
 Bony components
 Muscular components
o Anterior compartment
o Posterior compartment
o Lateral compartment
 Vasculature
 Innervation
 The Ankle
 Bony components
 Ligamentous components
 Musculotendinous components (Medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior groups)
 Neurovascular components
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
MODULE I OUTLINE (Continued)
 The Foot
 Bony components
 Muscular components
o Dorsal
o Plantar
 Innervation
o Dorsal
o Plantar
 Vasculature
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Advanced Cross-Sectional Anatomy
RAD 251
LEARNING OBJECTIVES TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS
The table below identifies the percentage of cognitive objectives for each module.
Instructors should develop sufficient numbers of test items at the appropriate
level of evaluation.
Facts/
Nomenclature
Principles/
Procedures
A/a
80%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
B/b
20%
66%
66%
66%
66%
66%
66%
66%
66%
Module A
Module B
Module C
Module D
Module E
Module F
Module G
Module H
Module I
Indicator
1
2
3
4
Analysis/
Operating
Principles
C/c
-
Evaluation/
Complete
Theory
D/d
-
Learner’s Knowledge, Skills and Abilities
Key Terms
Description
 Identifies basic facts and terms about the subject or
Limited
competency.
Knowledge
 Performs simple tasks associated with the competency.
and
Needs to be told or shown how to do most tasks.
Proficiency
 Requires close supervision.
 Identifies relationship of basic facts and states general
principles and can determine step-by-step procedures for
Moderate
doing the competency.
Knowledge
and
 Performs most parts of the competency. Needs help only
Proficiency
on hardest parts.
 Requires limited supervision.
 Analyzes facts and principles and draws conclusions about
the subject to include why and when the competency must
Advanced
be done and why each step is needed. Can predict
Knowledge
outcomes.
and
 Performs all parts of the competency. Needs only a spot
Proficiency
check of completed work.
 Requires little or no direct supervision.
Superior
 Can evaluate conditions and make appropriate decisions
Knowledge
as related to resolving problems.
and
 Performs competency quickly and accurately with no direct
Proficiency
supervision and is able to instruct and supervise others.
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