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Transcript
History 105- History of Civilization I Preparation sheet for Midterm #1 I) Reading- Spielvogel, Chapters 1-4 (Reading Questions especially important for Chap. 4) II) IDs (by lecture) Lecture 2: Prehistory I) Paleolithic Age II) Neolithic Age III) Mesopotamia IDs: Epistomology Convergence fides et ratio hunter/gatherer Ancestor worship Neanderthal Cromagnon Agricultural Revolution river plains societies Urban Revolution Irrigation elemental gods Surplus pictograms Lecture 3: Early (Western) Civilizations I) II) Mesopotamia Egypt IDs: Ziggurat Human mortality Cunieform “tribute” Sumerian culture Hammurabi Hittites Maat Memphis Pyramids Middle Kingdom Thebes Foundations Hyksos New Kingdom Lecture 4: The Early Hebrews I) II) Origins and Evidence Exodus IDs: Scriptural history documentary hypothesis Monolatry and monotheism sacrifice Abraham Oral tradition Ishmael Decalogue Lecture 5: Late Hebrews and Early Greeks I) II) Hebrew Empire Exile and Diaspora IDs: Reconquest Judges Debate on kings David and Solomon Prophets Kingdom of Israel Lost Tribes Judah Babylonian Captivity Zoroastrianism Pharisees Sadducees Diaspora Zealots Lecture 6: Early Greece I) II) III) Greek origins The Iron Age (c.700 BC to 500 BC) Greek City-States IDs: Bronze Age Dark Age Minoans Mycenaens Crisis of the Ancient World Homer Oligarchy Alphabet Phalanx Homer ethnos/Polis Agora Phalanx Reason Lecture 7: Greek Division and Unity I) Greek City-States II) 1st Persian Invasion III) 2nd Persian Invasion IDs: Civic religion Reason Corinth Sparta Helots Athens Solon ekkelsia Peisistratus Barbarians Miletus despotism Marathon Lecture 8: The Rise (and Fall) of Athens I) Second Persian Invasion II) “Golden Age” of Athens IDs: Ostracism Xerxes Thermopyle Salamis Delian League Pericles demagogue Peloponnesian Wars “survivors” Sophism Socrates Plato Lecture 9: Hellenism I) II) III) III) Athenian thought (con’d) Alexander the Great Hellenism Sophism Socratic method Socrates Plato Aristotle Thucydides Philip of Macedonia Alexander the Great Cities Koine 4 humors Cynics Epicurians Stoics Possible essay questions. I will select three of these five questions for the exam. You will have to answer one of them in a well-written, informative essay. 1) What new elements did the Hebrews add to the religious understanding of the ancient times? Compare their ideas on religion with their predecessors and contemporaries, including Paleolithic and Neolithic peoples, the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians, the Canaanites, and the Zoroastrians. 2) Empires have had both positive and negative effects in human history. Discuss the Sumerian, Hebrew, Assyrian, Persian, and Hellenistic empires- which ones were the most beneficial and which ones were the most destructive? Why? 3) Democracy in ancient Greece offered great promise, although it also created serious problems. Describe the positive and negative development of democracy in Athens during the Archaic Period and the “Golden Age” of Athens. 4) Who contributed the most to Greek influence in the modern world: Homer, Pericles, Socrates, or Alexander? Discuss and compare the respective achievements of each person. 5) The Hebrew sacred scriptures and Homeric epics are two literary documents that also contain a wealth of historical information. How do their non-historical origins affect the issue of their historical “credibility”?
