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Transcript
Defining protected areas – implication of revising the IUCN categories to protected areas in the United Kingdom IUCN undertook a long period of consultation to agree revised guidance to its protected area definition and categories The new edition of the IUCN guidance on protected area categories was published just over a year ago at the World Conservation Congress in Barcelona IUCN definition One key change: a new definition • A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values IUCN categories Categories remain broadly the same but with different interpretations In particular, Category IV is no longer defined by being a protected area maintained by active management intervention to a protected area for habitats and species For example, many small, un-managed protected areas have a place in the WDPA, whereas before they not2006 Canadian Council on Ecological Areas did – October IUCN categories Strict nature reserve: strictly protected areas set aside to protect biodiversity and also possibly geological/geomorphological features Ia Wilderness area: usually large unmodified or slightly modified areas, Ib retaining their natural character and influence National parks: large natural or near natural areas set aside to protect II large-scale ecological processes … which also provide … spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities Natural monument or feature: set aside to protect a specific natural III monument Habitat/species management area: aim to protect particular species or IV habitats and management reflects this priority Protected landscape/seascape: area where the interaction of people and V nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value: Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources: conserve ecosystems and habitats, together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems VI IUCN sees protected areas being defined by both management objectives (category) and governance type Governance type C. Private protected areas D. Community conserved areas Declared and run by local communities Declared and run byindigenous peoples Declared and run by forprofit individuals Declared and run by non-profit organisations Declared and run by private individual VI – Protection and sustainable resource use Collaborative management (pluralist management board V – Protection of landscapes or seascapes Collaborative management (various pluralist influences) IV – Protection of habitats and species Transboundary protected area III – Natural monument B. Co-managed protected areas Management delegated by the government (e.g. To an NGO) II – Ecosystem protection and recreation Local ministry or agency in charge I – Strict nature reserve or wilderness areas Federal or national ministry or agency in charge IUCN category (management objective) A. Protected areas managed by the government Information on protected areas, including their category, is loaded onto the World Database on Protected Areas, based at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre in Cambridge Two questions Should the UK engage with the new categories and if so how? What are the implications of the new definition and the revised categories for protected areas in the UK? Categories Formal request from Nik Lopoukhine, the chair of the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Key component of the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Programme of Work on Protected Areas Definition Questions about the UK’s definition of protected areas were at the heart of the categories debate Different parts of the government define protected areas in different ways Rethinking protected area categories and the new paradigm The 1994 guidelines to the IUCN categories were quite specific… Table: Matrix of management objectives and IUCN protected area management categories Management objective Ia Ib II III IV V VI Scientific research 1 3 2 2 2 2 3 Wilderness protection 2 1 2 3 3 - 2 Preservation of species and genetic diversity 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 Protection of specific natural / cultural features - - 2 1 3 1 3 Tourism and recreation - 2 1 1 3 1 3 Education - - 2 2 2 2 3 Sustainable use of resources from natural ecosystems - 3 3 - 2 2 1 Maintenance of cultural / traditional attributes - - - - - 1 2 Key: 1 Primary objective 2 Secondary objective 3 Potentially applicable objective - Not applicable The new definition and principles have switched this around… Principles…. “For IUCN, only those areas where the main objective is conserving nature can be considered protected areas; this can include many areas with other goals as well, at the same level, but in the case of conflict, nature conservation will be the priority”