Download Simple harmonic motion= motion that repeats itself in an identical

Simple harmonic motion= motion that repeats itself in an identical pattern over a span of
time. The time that it takes for the cycle of motion to repeat itself once is called a period.
The number of time the cycle is completed in a specific length of time is called
frequency.
Period =T- time to complete one full cycle
Frequency= f- # if cycles per time interval.. unit of frequency is hertz: the number of
cycles per second.
wave properties: the height of a wave is called “amplitude”
for physical waves, amplitude has a direct relationship with energy: greater amplitude,
more energy.
For light, which is a wave of electric and magnetic fields, the energy carried by the light
is directly related to frequency: light energy = h(a constant “plaunch’s constant”) *
frequency
Energy from light is directly related to frequency. Energy from light is carried in bundles
or packets that are called photons.
Photon: the force carrier particle for electromagnetism. Energy exchanges involving
energy of electrons in atoms generally involves the absorption or release of a photon.
Water Waves: have energy.
Energy in motion:
Medium- substance or material that a wave travels through.
Water waves- water..
Seismic Wave- land
Sound: sound can have many mediums, air, water, the ground, walls. In space, no one can
hear you scream.. space is an absence of matter. Sound needs to be a vibration in
something, and if there is nothing for it to move through then it is completely silent.
Question: is it possible for waves to travel through outer-space??
Waves that require a physical medium cant travel through empty space, but light CAN
travel through a vacuum. Light is very strange.. when an electric field is created in space,
a magnetic field is simultaneously generated at right angles to the magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic waves traveling at c= 3 * 10^8 m/s. Light, electromagnetic waves
include: we can go from large wavelengths to small.. gamma, xray, visible, infared,
microwaves, radio waves, as a general rule, small wavelengths are more dangerous. What
else determines.
Transverse wave- a wave in which the displacement of the medium is perpindicular to the
direction of the wave’s motion.
Longitudinal/ Compressional Wave- a wave In which the displacement of the particles in
the medium is parallel to the wave’s direction of travel.
Superposition: when two or more waves are at the same location at the same instant in
time, the amplitudes of the waves sum to produce a single uber wave whose amplitude is
the superposition of all the waves. An instant later, the waves continue on their merry
ways as though no other waves were present.
A node is a superposition of amplitude 0.
An antinode is a superposition in which the sum of the amplitudes is a maximum.
Standing Waves: a particular type of interference where the maximum amplitudes spots
are bouncing up and down. Node- lowest point
in matter (Tacoma Narros Bridge, musical instruments)
Water (ripple tank interference)
Air ( sound: musical notes)
Light (laser beam)
Natural Frequency
Resonance:
How do musical instruments produce soothing sounds? How can musical instruments
help you understand the destruction of the Tacoma narrows bridge?
Depends on what you perceive as a soothing sound. Different materials/ instruments have
different natural frequencies. The different natural frequencies dictate the noise that’s
emitted. Whole number mathematical relationship creates more of a “full” sound,
whereas the ones that are decimal relationships are more harsh sounding. Depends on the
medium it is in, with a flute it is all metal so the vibrations will come at a faster frequency
whereas the wood of a clarinet may steady the frequency, creating a more rich sound.
The tone or sound that is emitted by an instrument depends largely upon the medium of
the instrument. The medium of the bridge was relatively small, which focused all the
force onto the middle section. Because there was so much force the bridge bent in all
different directions. Elastic properties allowed the bridge to deform until it was under too
much stress and it broke.
Is light a matter wave? No you cannot physically touch a light wave. It electric and
magnetic fields. When these waves past through the eye, they reflect. When it reaches the
retna, you have rods and cones that send messages to the brain. Electromagnetic radiation
inside the retna recognizes the electric fields. Energy of light is carried by photons.
Brain Is a big mess of stuff that is constantly sharing information. The legal system is
based on the fact that witnesses can recognize and recall what happened exactly.
Light energy:
Photon- the energy carrier/container of electromagnetic waves; force carrier particle for
electromagnetic radiation. A squiggly line with an arrow is used to represent a photon.
How much energy does an individual photon carry?
Ephoton= h*F== Planck’s constant
Who was Planck?
How did physicists fgure out that the energy of a photon equals h*f?
Max Planck- founder of the quantum theory. Commissioned by electric companies to
make create lightbulbs that have max power output with the least amount of energy. The
central assumption behind his new derivation, presented to the DPG on 14 December
1900, was the supposition, now known as the Planck postulate, that electromagnetic
energy could be emitted only in quantized form, in other words, the energy could only be
a multiple of an elementary unit E = hν, where h is Planck's constant, also known as
Planck's action quantum (introduced already in 1899), and ν (the Greek letter nu, not the
Roman letter v) is the frequency of the radiation. Regarded as birth of quantum physics.
The discovery of Planck's constant enabled him to define a new universal set of physical
units (such as the Planck length and the Planck mass), all based on fundamental physical
constants.
In the photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted from matter (metals and non-metallic
solids, liquids or gases) as a consequence of their absorption of energy from
electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength, such as visible or ultraviolet light.
Electrons emitted in this manner may be referred to as "photoelectrons".[1][2] First
observed by Heinrich Hertz in 1887,[2] the phenomenon is also known as the "Hertz
effect",[3][4], although the latter term has fallen out of general use. Hertz observed and
then showed that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more
easily. The photoelectric effect requires photons with energies from a few electronvolts to
over 1 MeV in high atomic number elements. Study of the photoelectric effect led to
important steps in understanding the quantum nature of light and electrons and influenced
the formation of the concept of wave–particle duality.[1] Other phenomena where light
affects the movement of electric charges include the photoconductive effect (also known
as photoconductivity or photoresistivity), the photovoltaic effect, and the
photoelectrochemical effect.
An electron can only interact with a single photon at an given time.
Wave velocity= wavelength * wave frequency.. light=C= 3*10^8 m/s
Equation = 3*10^8 m/s
6.5 * 10^-7 m == 4.5 * 10^14
Atoms can only interact/release very precise quantities of energy. Energy in atoms is
generally by electrons, and it determines the location of the electron. Why would an
electron in an atom have energy? Electron energy is a combination of kinetic and
electrical potential energy. The energy of an electron in an atom tells you the sum of the
Electron’s Kinetic and Potential energy.
Hydrogen atom contained one proton and one electron. If the electron were stationary, it
would fall into the nucleus and die. IN the Bohr model, its like a planet going around the
sun. The electron can occupy orbits only at certain distances from the nucleus. Only
radiate energy when they jump from one orbit to the other. Exact position of electron
never known.. Irwin schrodinger, developed theory on movement of tiny things. His
equation described all elements in the universe. Heissinberg, the particles position in
momentum could not be noticed simultaneously.
Photons allow electrons to jump to different energy levels. Just match the lines of the
energy shells. Do the energy levels legitimately look like that, or are they represented in a
whole bunch of different ways? Physicist say that only the antisemetric part work for the
electron. Polyexclusion principle.