Download 9/10 Daily Catalyst Pg. 13 growth Models

9/10 DAILY CATALYST PG. 13 GROWTH MODELS
• 1. Tiffany is observing a rare organism called the Aye-
Aye. She is studying a 75 square mile area. In this area
she counts 256 different species. What is her
probability of capturing an Aye-Aye in this area?
• 2. One species of forest bird is highly territorial, while a second
lives in flocks. What is each species’ likely pattern of
dispersion? Explain.
• 3. Each female of a particular fish species produces millions of
eggs per year. What is its likely survivorship pattern?
9/10 DAILY CATALYST PG. 13 GROWTH MODELS
• 1. Tiffany is observing a rare organism called the Aye-Aye.
She is studying a 75 square mile area. In this area she counts
256 different species. What is her probability of capturing an
Aye-Aye in this area?
• 1/256
• 2. One species of forest bird is highly territorial, while a second lives in
flocks. What is each species’ likely pattern of dispersion? Explain.
• Uniform- territorial tendecies
• Clumped- a flock is a group of birds living together
• 3. Each female of a particular fish species produces millions of eggs per
year. What is its likely survivorship pattern?
• III, high amount of young with high infant mortality rate
9/10 CLASS BUSINESS PG. 13 GROWTH MODELS
• Quiz #4 on Friday
• Review after school on Thursday
• Library work day on Thursday and Friday
• Interims on Friday
• Extra Credit
• Ecology test is Friday, 9/26th
9/10 AGENDA
• Daily Catalyst
• Class Business
• Bubble Lab conclusion
• Growth model notes
• Workbook
9/10 OBJECTIVE
• The exponential growth model describes population
growth in an idealized unlimited environment.
INTRODUCTION
• The life history of an organism from birth through
reproduction to death reflects evolutionary tradeoffs between survival and reproduction.
• What is life history?
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
• Some species put all of their reproductive resources into a
single reproductive effort called big-bang reproduction or
semelparity.
• Key Point #1:
• Semelparity: single reproductive episode before
death
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
• Other species follow the strategy of iteroparity.
• Key Point #2:
• Iteroparity: repeated reproductive episodes over a life time
• When is semelparity or iteroparity favored?
• Key Point #3:
• Semelparity is favored when offspring
survival rates are low.
TURN AND TALK
• Explain why the life history of an organisms can’t be to
reproduce early, often, and have large numbers of
offspring, and live long.
• In what way might high competition for limited
resources in a predictable environment influence life
history traits?
9/12 DAILY CATALYST PG. 13 GROWTH MODELS
• 1. What is the difference between semelparity and
iteroparity?
• 2. When is semelparity an advantage?
• 3. Give an example of kinesis and taxis.
• 4. Why do Type III organisms have so many young if
the infant mortality rate is so high?
9/12 DAILY CATALYST PG. 13 GROWTH MODELS
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1. What is the difference between semelparity and iteroparity?
Semelparity is a single reproductive effort
Iteroparity is multiple reproductive efforts
2. When is semelparity an advantage?
When resources are limited
3. Give an example of kinesis and taxis.
Kinesis is non-directional movement to a stimulus. Cockroaches and light.
Taxis is a direction movement to a specific stimulus. Fish swim upstream.
4. Why do Type III organisms have so many young if the infant mortality rate is so high?
The purpose of reproduction is to pass on “good” traits. These organisms have so many
young with the hopes that some will survive and keep passing on the traits.
9/12 CLASS BUSINESS
• Interim extra credit due Monday
• Ecology research paper due next Thursday, 9/18 th
• Ecology test is Friday, 9/26th
• Homework:
• Page. 1145-1150
• Reading quiz on Monday
9/12 AGENDA
• Daily Catalyst
• Class Business
• Growth model notes
• Speedy review
• Library work time
• Quiz #4
• Homework: read 1145-1150
9/12 OBJECTIVE
• The exponential growth model describes population
growth in an idealized unlimited environment.
BACK TO MATH!
• Key Point #4: Rate of change= (final-initial)
•
• ∆Y/∆t
(Final time- initial time)
RATE
• Calculate the rate of change from day 6 to day 21.
ON YOUR OWN
• Calculate the rate of change from day 10 to day 55
• We have discussed a lot of qualitative information. How about
the quantitative?
BACTERIUM POPULATION GROWTH EXAMPLE
• A bacterium (singular form of bacteria)
reproduces by binary fission every 20 minutes
(more to come on this later).
Time
Growth
20 min
2 bacteria
40 min
4 bacteria
60 min
8 bacteria
• Is this rapid growth ideal?
• Why not?
• All populations are limited by factors such as food,
water, space, and environment.
• We use hypothetical settings to understand how populations
increase.
• Think to an ideal world where:
• Resources are unlimited (food, water, space, lack of
predation, and disease)
• Populations are allowed to grow by increasing the number of
births and decreasing the amounts of death
• Key Point #5: Populations only truly change due to
deaths and births
• Change is represented by ∆ (delta)
• We can calculate this “change”
Symbol
Meaning
∆
Change
N
Population size
t
Time
• Key Point #6: The equation to calculate
population size change
• We can use birth and death rates per year to estimate how
many babies or people will be born/die per year
• (do not worry about the equation)
• Just know that this is all a part of ESTIMATION like we saw in
population size (remember the 4 properties of populations?)
• What we are really interested in is how populations
change per year!
• Change?
• Final-initial and time
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How?
• Key Point #7:
Growth
Symbol
Zero growth
Births = deaths
Positive growth
B>D
Negative growth
B<D
STOP! THINK ABOUT IT!
TO HAVE ZERO GROWTH, DOES THIS MEAN
THE POPULATION STOPS DYING AND
BIRTHING?
• Key Point #8:
• Population increase equation
• Key Point #9: Exponential graphs increases at a
constant rate.
TURN AND TALK
• When is the J-curve most popular?
• Next we will discuss logistical growth curves and how they
relate to carrying capacity along with reproductive strategies.
• Along with semelparity and iteroparity, we use these populations
specific strategies for reproduction.
POPULATION REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
• r-selected
(opportunistic)
• Short maturation & lifespan
• Many (small) offspring;
usually 1 (early) reproduction;
• No parental care
• High death rate
• K-selected
(equilibrial)
• Long maturation & lifespan
• Few (large) offspring;
usually several (late)
reproductions
• Extensive parental care
• Low death rate
• (Density dependent)
• Complete 52.3 in your notes
• Homework:
• Page. 1145-1150
• Reading quiz on Monday
SPEEDY REVIEW!
• 1. I am a mother to a lot of offspring. I will take care of them for the first
few weeks of life, then they are own their own for survival. What type of
curve is described?
• Type II
• 2. In a habitat, abundant resources are available to a newly developed
population. What type of growth curve is expected?
• Exponential (J-curve)
• 3.In a food chain, this organism is essential for supplying energy to
consumers and also for itself. Name this type of organism.
• The producer
SPEEDY REVIEW!
• 4. I am an organism that is highly territorial and prefers to be left alone.
What type of dispersion will I show?
• Uniform (like penguins)
• 5. True or false, two countries can have identical age diagrams even if
their population size is different.
• False, if countries have different population sizes, then they have to have
different age diagrams!
• They do not have the same number of people