Download Biochemistry Test Review Guide

Biochemistry Test Review Guide
1. For protons, neutrons and electrons:
a. What is their charge?
b. What is their symbol?
c. Where in the atom are they located?
2. What does the atomic number on the periodic table tell us?
3. How is the mass number found? What does it tell us?
4. Define and give one example of each:
a. Atom (definition only)
c. Molecule
b. Element
d. Compound
5. Given isotope notation to the right, find the number of protons, electrons and neutrons: 52
Cr
24
6. The number of protons in an atom will never change. True or false?
7. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ___.
8. When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ___ (charged particles)
a. Complete the following table:
p+
enO
Ca
Ca+2
9. How many atoms of each element are found in each of the following:
a. 3C6H12O6
2Na(OH)2
b.
10. How many electrons MAXIMUM can each energy level hold?
11. Draw the Bohr model of the elements (with correct placement of electrons) below:
a. Helium
b. Lithium
c. Fluorine
12. What does the “Octet Rule” state?
a. What is the exception to this rule as far as the 1st energy level is concerned?
b. What are valence electrons?
c. How many valence electrons does each element below have AND what charge would it become if it lost or gained the
electron(s) it needs to become more stable?
i. Beryllium
ii. Oxygen
iii. Neon
13. What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
14. **Review your element names and symbols**
15. Distinguish between organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Give one example of each.
16. Why is carbon a unique element?
17. What is a hydrocarbon?
18. Draw the structural formula for the ten simplest organic compounds. Write the molecular formula for each, too.
19. What elements constitute carbohydrates? In what ratio do monosaccharides exist?
20. Distinguish among monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
21. Give 3 examples of monosaccharides. (know where each comes from)
22. Give 3 examples of disaccharides. (know what 2 monosaccharides each is made from)
23. Give 3 examples of polysaccharides. (know the function of each)
24. What is a condensation reaction?
25. What is a hydrolysis reaction?
26. Draw the breakdown of a disaccharide into monosaccharides.
27. Name 3 properties of lipids.
28. Lipids are formed from combinations of 1 ____molecule and 3 ____
29. Draw a glycerol molecule.
30. Draw a fatty acid molecule.
31. Draw the synthesis of a lipid.
32. What 4 elements do proteins contain?
33. Proteins are made up of _____, in which there are ___different types.
34. Draw the general structure of an amino acid. Label: amino group, carboxyl group and R group.
35. What is the significance of the R group of an amino acid?
36. Draw the synthesis of a protein circling the formation of the peptide bond.
37. What is a chemical reaction and what are the two components of a chemical reaction?
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Given a chemical equation, be able to tell how many atoms of each element there are.
What is an enzyme?
What are catalysts and how do they aid in chemical reactions?
Enzymes usually end in - ___.
How do enzymes work? Know the steps involved.
a. What is the enzyme-substrate complex?
b. What are substrates?