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Transcript
Terminology for Body Systems BSBMED201A Cells and tissues • cells are basic units of life • are required for nutrition to the body, supply of oxygen and removal of waste • need to be able to reproduce, called mitosis • tissues are groups of similar cells with specialised function • types are epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous Cells Cells and Tissues • cytologist • Specialist studying cells • leucocyte • white cell • cytolysis • cell destruction • erythrocyte • red cell • metabolism • rate of chemical reaction • organelle • structure inside of cell • homeostasis • body balance • hyperplasia • overgrowth of tissue Integumentary • membranes are thin sheets of tissue that cover body, line cavities and cover organs • membranes are either epithelial or synovial • skin functions are, protection, regulation, sensation, excretion and vitamin D synthesis Skin Integumentary • dermatitis • skin inflammation • trichology • study of hair • dermatologist • skin specialist • alopecia • unusual hair loss • epithelium • outer layer of skin • melanoma • black tumour • transdermal • across the skin • cyanosis • condition of blue colour • epidermal • on top of the dermis Skeletal • living tissue • bones, joints, ligaments and cartilage • two parts, the axial and appendicular skeleton • functions are, support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production and storage Skeleton Muscles • muscle tissue consists of smooth, cardiac and skeletal • muscles contract and relax Musculoskeletal • arthroscopy • viewing interior of joint • arthroplasty • joint reconstruction • osteoporosis • thinning of bone • osteoarthritis • bone and joint inflammation • intramuscular • into muscle • myopathy • muscle disease • tendonitis • inflammation of tendon • chondroplasty • cartilage reconstruction • osteomyelitis • bone marrow infection Cardiovascular • heart and blood vessels • function to deliver a continuous supply of oxygen and eliminate waste to all cells of the body • blood functions are, transportation, regulation and defence • blood vessels are arteries, veins and capillaries Heart Cardiovascular • asystole • without heart beat • bradycardia • slow heart rate • cardiomyopathy • heart muscle disease • electrocardiogram • recording of electrical activity of the heart • hypotension • low blood pressure • tachycardia • rapid heart rate • thrombosis • blood clot Respiratory • collection of oxygen and disposal of carbon dioxide • upper is nose and nasal cavities and pharynx • responsible for warming, filtering and moistening air • lower is larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, alveoli and lungs Respiratory Respiratory • apnoea • without breath • bradypnoea • slow breathing • bronchospasm • spasm of bronchi • laryngitis • inflammation of larynx • pharyngitis • inflammation of pharynx • pulmonary • lung • rhinoplasty • plastic surgery of the nose Digestive • conversion of food into nutrients that can be used by cells Consists of: – mouth – oropharynx – oesophagus – stomach – small and large intestine Digestive Accessory organs are – – – – – – teeth tongue salivary glands liver gallbladder pancreas Digestive Digestive • cholecystitis • inflammation of gall bladder • colonoscopy • viewing of colon with scope • epigastric • area above stomach • gastritis • inflammation of stomach • gingivitis • inflammation of gums • halitosis • bad breath • oesophagitis • inflammation of oesophagus Lymphatic • network of capillaries and vessels • lymphatic tissue spread throughout the body • defends the body against disease Consists of: – lymphatic capillaries – lymphatic vessels – lymphatic nodes – lymphatic ducts – lymph – lymphatic tissue Lymphatic Lymphatic • anaphylaxis • severe allergic reaction • antibody • blood protein to fight invasion • leucocyte • white blood cell • lymphoedema • swelling due to build up of lymph • phagocytosis • cell that surrounds and eats invader • tonsillectomy • surgical removal of tonsils • vaccination • introduction of microorganisms to induce immunity Urinary • waste management • filtering system • manufacture of urine Consists of: – kidneys – ureters – bladder – urethra Urinary Urinary • cystoscopy • viewing interior of urinary bladder • dysuria • difficult of painful urination • micturition • urination • nephron • working unit of kidney • nocturia • urinating at night • pyuria • pus in urine • renal • referring to kidneys Endocrine • communication system using chemicals called hormones • endocrine glands are glands that secrete into blood stream • exocrine glands require a duct to secrete into blood stream Consists of: – – – – – – – – – hypothalamus pituitary gland pineal gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands thymus gland pancreas adrenal glands gonads Endocrine Endocrine • diabetes mellitus • disease caused by dysfunction of pancreas • endocrine gland • secretes straight into blood stream • glycosuria • glucose in urine • hyperthyroidism • over active thyroid gland • polydipsia • excessive thirst • hyperglycaemia • excessive glucose in blood • endocrinologist • specialist studying endocrine system Nervous • communication and control centre • central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord • peripheral nervous system consists of all nerves • neurons are the specialised nerve cells in the brain • neuroglia are nerve cells that look after neurons Nervous Nervous • cephalitis • inflammation of brain • cerebrum • section of brain • CVA • cerebrovascular accident • meningitis • inflammation of meningies • neuron • nerve cell • neurovascular • nerves and their blood vessels • neurology • study of nervous system Special senses • detect specific changes in the environment • eye-sight • ear-hearing • tongue- taste • nose-smell Special senses Special senses • audiometry • hearing test • ENT • ear, nose and throat • olfactory • sense of smell • opthalmoscope • instrument for viewing interior of eye • otitis media • middle ear infection • retinopathy • disease of retina • rhinitis • nose infection Reproductive • to ensure survival of species • male and female • hormone production • mammary glands • pregnancy Reproductive Reproductive • antenatal • before birth • dysmenorrhoea • painful menstruation • gynaecology • study of women’s reproductive diseases • hysterectomy • surgical removal of uterus • mastectomy • surgical removal of breast • oophorectomy • surgical removal of ovaries • prostatectomy • surgical removal of prostate gland
