Download Pericardium and external features of Heart

Pericardium
and
External features of
Heart
Dr. Sama ul Haque
Objectives
• Define pericardium.
• Differentiate between fibrous and serous pericardium.
• Define pericardial sinuses.
• Identify the borders and surfaces of the heart.
• Describe the structure of the heart
Pericardium
Pericardium is a
fibroserous sac that
encloses the heart and
roots of the great
vessels.
Relations of Pericardium:
Anterior:
 Body of Sternum
 2nd to 6th costal
cartilages
Posterior:
 5th to 8th thoracic
vertebrae
Layers of the Pericardium
1. Fibrous Pericardium
Attached anteriorly to
the sternum by
Sternopericardial
ligaments.
2. Serous Pericardium
Two Layers:
a. Parietal
b. Visceral
Serous Pericardium
Pericardial Sinuses
Nerve supply of the Pericardium
1.
Fibrous Pericardium and Parietal layer of serous
Pericardium:
By Phrenic nerves
2.
Visceral layer of Serous Pericardium:
By Sympathetic trunk and vagus nerves
Location of Heart
Angle of Louis
Location of Heart
Borders of the Heart
Right border: formed by right atrium
Left border: formed by left auricle and left ventricle
Lower border: formed by right atrium & mainly by right
ventricle
Surfaces of the Heart
Sternocostal surface (Anterior surface):
Mainly formed by right atrium and right ventricle.
Diaphragmatic surface (Inferior surface):
Mainly formed by right and left ventricles. Small portion is
formed by right atrium.
Base (Posterior surface):
Mainly formed by left atrium.
Apex: formed by left ventricle
Heart (Anterior Surface)
Anterior Surface
Apex
Heart (Posterior and inferior surfaces)
Base
Inferior Surface
Heart (Anterior view)
SVC: Superior vena cava
AA: Ascending Aorta
SVC
PT: Pulmonary Trunk
RA: Right Auricle
AA PT
RV: Right ventricle
LV: Left ventricle
RA
RV
IVC: Inferior vena cava
IVC
LV
Heart (Posterior view)
LA: Left auricle
RA: Right auricle
LV: Left ventricle
IVC: Inferior vena cava
LA
LV
RA
IVC
Heart (Posterior view)
Heart (Anterior interventricular Sulcus or Groove)
AIS
Heart (Posterior interventricular Sulcus or Groove)
Coronary or Atrioventricular Sulcus or Groove
CS
PIS
Coverings & Wall of the Heart
Thank You