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#1 The Theory of Phonetics is based on entirely the whole course of
+Phonetics.;
- Linguistics;
- Grammar;
- Lexicology;
- Phonology;
#2 What is used as a means of communication?
- Speech sounds;
- Symbols;
- Written signs;
+Language.;
- Phonemes;
# 3 Language exists in two forms
- oral speech;
- written speech;
+ oral and written speech.;
- graphic;
- graphic and symbolic;
#4 What idea is right?
- Phonic is written speech substance and graphic is oral speech substance;
- Graphic is oral speech substance and phonic is written speech substance;
- Phonic and graphic are written speech substances;
- Phonic and graphic are oral speech substances;
+ Phonic is oral speech substance and graphic is written speech substance;
#5 Phonetics consists of
+ phonemic, syllabic, accentual, intonation, pronunciation.;
- phonemic, syllabic, accentual, pronunciation;
- phonemic, accentual, intonation, pronunciation;
- phonemic, syllabic, intonation, pronunciation,;
- none of them;
#6 Phonetics studies
- only separate sounds;
- not only separate sounds but their history as well;
+ not only separate sounds but their functions as well.;
- only functions;
- not only separate sounds but their formation as well,;
#7 Phonetics is connected with other, non-linguistic sciences:
- acoustics, physiology, logic, etc;
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+ acoustics, physiology, psychology, logic, etc.;
- acoustics, physiology, logic,;
- acoustics, physiology, psychology, etc;
- physiology, psychology, logic, etc;
#8 The rules of reading are based on the relation of sounds to
- acoustics;
- physiology;
+ orthography.;
- psychology,;
- logic;
#9 Phonetics is connected with such linguistic sciences as
+lexicology, grammar, stylistics.;
- lexicology, grammar, stylistics, physiology;
- lexicology, grammar, stylistics, orthography;
- psychology, lexicology, grammar, stylistics,;
- logic, lexicology, grammar, stylistics;
#10 What are the most important branches of Phonetics?
+special phonetics and general phonetics.;
- special phonetics;
- general phonetics;
- special phonetics and historical phonetics,;
- special phonetics and lexicological phonetics.
#11 What is the aim of special phonetics?
- to study the sounds of more than one languages;
+ to study the sounds of one language.;
- to study the sounds of three languages;
- to study the sounds of two languages;
- to study the sounds of several languages;
#12 What does general phonetics study?
- the sound systems of more than one languages;
- the sound systems of one language,;
- the sound systems of two languages,;
+ the sound systems of several languages.;
- the sound systems of three languages,;
#13What is part of general linguistics?
- special phonetics;
+ general phonetics.;
- special phonetics and historical phonetics;
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- special phonetics and lexicological phonetics;
- special phonetics and general phonetics;
#14 What branches does general phonetics include?
+ acoustic or auditory phonetics, physiological or articulatory phonetics, functional or
phonological phonetics, comparative phonetics.;
- acoustic or auditory phonetics, physiological or articulatory phonetics, functional or
phonological phonetics;
- acoustic or auditory phonetics, physiological or articulatory phonetics;
- acoustic or auditory phonetics;
- acoustic and articulatory phonetics;
#15 What instruments and devices does articulatory phonetics use?
- a hand mirror, photographs and X-ray photographs, laryngoscope, gramophone records,
artificial palate, magnetic tape-recorder, graphical representations of sounds, TV classes and
special films.;
+ only a hand mirror;
- only photographs and X-ray photographs;
- only magnetic tape-recorder;
- only laryngoscope;
#16 Quantity, or length, tamber, intensity, pitch, temporal factor are investigated by
- general phonetics;
- special phonetics and historical phonetics;
- special phonetics and lexicological phonetics,;
- special phonetics and general phonetics;
+ the acoustic or auditory branch of phonetics.;
#17 How can speech sounds be analyzed?
- From the viewpoint of three aspects;
- From the viewpoint of several aspects;
- From the viewpoint of five aspects;
+ From the viewpoint of four aspects,;
- From the viewpoint of two aspects;
#18 What physical properties does the sound have?
- frequency, intensity, pitch, acoustic spectrum;
- frequency, intensity, tamber, acoustic spectrum,;
+ frequency, intensity, duration, acoustic spectrum.;
- frequency, melody, duration, acoustic spectrum;
- frequency, intensity, intonation, acoustic spectrum;
#19 What does frequency mean?
+ the number of vibrations per second,;
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- length or quantity of time during which the same vibrator motion, the same pattern of vibration
are maintained;
- the sound waves produced by the vibration;
- the limit of human hearing;
- changes in intensity;
#20 What does duration mean?
-the number of vibrations per second;
+ length or quantity of time during which the same vibrator motion, the same pattern of vibration
are maintained.;
- the sound waves produced by the vibration,;
- the limit of human hearing;
- changes in intensity;
#21 What does acoustic spectrum mean?
-the number of vibrations per second;
- length or quantity of time during which the same vibrator motion, the same pattern of vibration
are maintained;
+ the sound waves produced by the vibration,;
- the limit of human hearing;
- changes in intensity;
#22 What kind of mechanism are used to analyse a speech sound physiologically and
articulatory?
- the vibrator mechanism, the resonator mechanism, the obstructer mechanism;
- the power mechanism, the vibrator mechanism, the obstructer mechanism,;
- the power mechanism, the resonator mechanism, the obstructer mechanism;
- the power mechanism, the vibrator mechanism, the resonator mechanism;
+ the power mechanism, the vibrator mechanism, the resonator mechanism, the obstructer
mechanism.;
#23 What does the power mechanism consists of?
- the diaphragm, the glottis, the lungs, the larynx, the bronchi, the mouth cavity,
cavity, the windpipe (or trachea).;
- the vocal cords, the air in the larynx or voice box,;
- pharynx, larynx, the mouth cavity, the nasal cavity;
the nasal
+ the tongue, the soft palate with the uvula, the lips, the hard palate, the teeth, the alveolar ridge;
- the diaphragm, the teeth, the alveolar ridge;
#24 What does the vibrator mechanism consists of?
- the diaphragm, the glottis, the lungs, the larynx, the bronchi, the mouth cavity,
cavity, the windpipe (or trachea);
+ the vocal cords, the air in the larynx or voice box.;
the nasal
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- pharynx, larynx, the mouth cavity, the nasal cavity;
- the tongue, the soft palate with the uvula, the lips, the hard palate, the teeth, the alveolar ridge;
the diaphragm, the teeth, the alveolar ridge;
#25 What does the resonator mechanism consists of?
- the diaphragm, the glottis, the lungs, the larynx, the bronchi, the mouth cavity, the nasal
cavity, the windpipe (or trachea);
- the vocal cords, the air in the larynx or voice box,;
+ pharynx, larynx, the mouth cavity, the nasal cavity.;
- the tongue, the soft palate with the uvula, the lips, the hard palate, the teeth, the alveolar ridge;
the diaphragm, the teeth, the alveolar ridge;
#26 What does the obstructer mechanism consists of?
- the diaphragm, the glottis, the lungs, the larynx, the bronchi, the mouth cavity, the nasal
cavity, the windpipe (or trachea),;
- the vocal cords, the air in the larynx or voice box;
- pharynx, larynx, the mouth cavity, the nasal cavity;
+ the tongue, the soft palate with the uvula, the lips, the hard palate, the teeth, the alveolar ridge.;
-the diaphragm, the teeth, the alveolar ridge,;
#27 What are consonants?
+ the sounds in the production of which there is an articulatory obstruction to the air stream,
muscular tension is concentrated in the place of obstruction, the exhaling force is rather strong.;
- the sounds in the production of which there is an articulatory obstruction to the air stream,
muscular tension is diffused;
- the sounds in the production of which, there is no articulatory obstruction to the air stream,
muscular tension is diffused, the exhaling force is rather weak,;
- the sounds intermediate between noise consonants and vowels
- the sounds in the production of which, there is no articulatory obstruction to the air stream, the
exhaling force is rather weak;
#28 What are the vowels?
- the sounds in the production of which there is an articulatory obstruction to the air stream,
muscular tension is concentrated in the place of obstruction, the exhaling force is rather strong;
+ the sounds in the production of which there is an articulatory obstruction to the air stream,
muscular tension is diffused;
- the sounds in the production of which, there is no articulatory obstruction to the air stream,
muscular tension is diffused, the exhaling force is rather weak,;
- the sounds intermediate between noise consonants and vowels
- the sounds in the production of which, there is no articulatory obstruction to the air stream, the
exhaling force is rather weak;
#29 What are the sonorants?
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- the sounds in the production of which there is an articulatory obstruction to the air stream,
muscular tension is concentrated in the place of obstruction, the exhaling force is rather strong;
- the sounds in the production of which there is an articulatory obstruction to the air stream,
muscular tension is diffused,;
- the sounds in the production of which, there is no articulatory obstruction to the air stream,
muscular tension is diffused, the exhaling force is rather weak;
+ the sounds intermediate between noise consonants and vowels
- the sounds in the production of which, there is no articulatory obstruction to the air stream, the
exhaling force is rather weak.;
#30 Who was the founder of the phoneme theory?
+ I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay.;
- L.V. Shcherba;
- A.A. Reformatsky;
- R.S.Kusnetsov;
- R.I.Avanesov, M.V. Panov.
#31 The various speech sounds that we actually utter and which are the individual representation
of the universal sounds, are called
+ phonemic variants, or allophones.;
-morphemic variants,;
-syllabic variants;
-intonation variants;
-word stress variants;
#32 Who stated that sounds are not only articulatory and acoustic units but that they also possess
functional properties?
- I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay;
+ L.V. Shcherba.;
- L.R.Zinder;
- O.I.Dikushin;
- V.A.Vassilyev;
#33 Allophones can be
- positional;
- combinatory;
+ positional and combinatory.;
- typical;
- principle;
#34 Who viewed phonemes as fictitious units and considered them to be only perceptions?
+ I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay.;
- Ferdinand de Saussure;
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- N.S.Trubetskoy;
- D.Jones;
- L.Bloomfield, E.Sapir;
#35 Who viewed phonemes as the sum of acoustic impressions and articulatory movements?
- I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay;
+Ferdinand de Saussure.;
- N.S.Trubetskoy,;
- D.Jones;
- L.Bloomfield, E.Sapir;
#36 Who defined the phoneme as a unity of phonologically relevant features?
- I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay,;
- Ferdinand de Saussure;
+N.S.Trubetskoy.;
- D.Jones;
- L.Bloomfield, E.Sapir;
#37 Who were representatives of the Moscow school?
-A.A. Reformatsky, O.I.Dikushina, R.I.Avanesov, M.V. Panov;
-A.A. Reformatsky, R.S.Kusnetsov, V.A.Vassilyev,M.V. Panov;
-A.A. Reformatsky, L.R.Zinder, R.I.Avanesov, M.V. Panov;
-A.A. Reformatsky, R.S.Kusnetsov, M.V. Panov;
+A.A. Reformatsky, R.S.Kusnetsov, R.I.Avanesov, M.V. Panov.;
#38 Who were representatives of the Leningrad school?
- L.R.Zinder, O.I.Dikushina, V.A.Vassilyev, R.S.Kusnetsov;
- L.R.Zinder, O.I.Dikushina, A.A. Reformatsky, V.A.Vassilyev;
+L.R.Zinder, O.I.Dikushina, V.A.Vassilyev,;
- L.R.Zinder, O.I.Dikushina, V.A.Vassilyev, M.V. Panov;
- L.R.Zinder, O.I.Dikushina, V.A.Vassilyev, R.I.Avanesov;
#39 What does the phoneme serve to?
- perform three functions: abstractive, distinctive, recognitive;
- perform three functions: constitutive, obstructive, recognitive;
+perform three functions: constitutive, distinctive, recognitive.;
- perform three functions: constitutive, disjunc, recognitive;
- perform three functions: constitutive, objective, recognitive;
#40 Whom was Alphabetic-analytic transcription invented by?
+ Jespersen.;
- Daniel Jones;
- Bell,;
- Zinder;
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- E.Sapir;
#41 What is Alphabetic transcription based on?
- on the letters of Greek alphabet with a few of Latin letters;
- only on Latin;
+on the letters of Latin alphabet with a few of Greek letters.;
- only on Greek,;
- on the letters of Greek alphabet with a few of English letters;
#42 What does Alphabetic digital transcription give?
- special number of digits which means that each sound is reflected by two digits;
- special number of digits which means that each sound is reflected by several digits;
- special number of digits which means that each sound is reflected by four digits;
- special number of digits which means that each sound is reflected by five digits;
+ special number of digits which means that each sound is reflected by one digit;
#43 What principles do Russian phoneticians suggest to classify vowels according to?
- Position of the lips, position of the tongue, degree of tenseness and the character of the end of a
vowel, stability of articulation;
- Position of the lips, degree of tenseness and the character of the end of a vowel, length, stability
of articulation,;
+ Position of the lips, position of the tongue, degree of tenseness and the character of the end of a
vowel, length, stability of articulation.;
- Position of the lips, position of the tongue, degree of tenseness and the character of the end of a
vowel, length;
- Position of the lips, position of the tongue, length, stability of articulation;
#44 Segmental units are
- consonants;
- vowels,;
- diphthongs;
+ consonants and vowels.;
- consonants and diphthongs
#45 Phonetics studies
- only separate sounds;
- not only separate sounds but their history as well;
+ not only separate sounds but their functions as well.;
- only functions;
- not only separate sounds but their formation as well,;
#46 Phonetics is connected with other, non-linguistic sciences:
- acoustics, physiology, logic, etc;
+ acoustics, physiology, psychology, logic, etc.;
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- acoustics, physiology, logic,;
- acoustics, physiology, psychology, etc;
- physiology, psychology, logic, etc;
#47 The rules of reading are based on the relation of sounds to
- acoustics;
- physiology;
+ orthography.;
- psychology,;
- logic;
#48 What does acoustic spectrum mean?
-the number of vibrations per second;
- length or quantity of time during which the same vibrator motion, the same pattern of vibration
are maintained;
+ the sound waves produced by the vibration,;
- the limit of human hearing;
- changes in intensity;
#49 What kind of mechanism are used to analyse a speech sound physiologically and
articulatory?
- the vibrator mechanism, the resonator mechanism, the obstructer mechanism;
- the power mechanism, the vibrator mechanism, the obstructer mechanism,;
- the power mechanism, the resonator mechanism, the obstructer mechanism;
- the power mechanism, the vibrator mechanism, the resonator mechanism;
+ the power mechanism, the vibrator mechanism, the resonator mechanism, the obstructer
mechanism.;
#50 What does the power mechanism consists of?
+ the diaphragm, the glottis, the lungs, the larynx, the bronchi, the mouth cavity, the nasal
cavity, the windpipe (or trachea).;
- the vocal cords, the air in the larynx or voice box,;
- pharynx, larynx, the mouth cavity, the nasal cavity;
- the tongue, the soft palate with the uvula, the lips, the hard palate, the teeth, the alveolar ridge;
- the diaphragm, the teeth, the alveolar ridge;