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Electricity – What you Should Already Know Name___________________ Atomic Structure: Nucleus – Protons – positive charge – Neutrons – neutral Electrons – negative charge Electrons do the moving – little and on the outside Protons and neutrons don’t move -Tightly bound in the nucleus -Much bigger mass than electrons Electrostatics – charges build up, but don’t flow continuously Like charges repel Unlike charges attract neutral charges neither repel nor attract each other a neutral object can attract a - or + charge Current Electricity – continual flow of electrons through a conductor Conductors – materials that electrons can move through easily ex. – copper, gold, silver Insulatorselectrons can’t move easily ex. – wood, cotton, rubber, glass Current (I) is measured by how many electrons pass a point during each second Units: Amperes (A)– amount of current flowing in one second Load or resistor – device that uses the electrical energy Light bulb, heating coils in a toaster, microwave oven Resists the flow of electrons Electrical energy converted into heat, light, or mechanical energy Voltage (V): the electric potential energy that pushes the electrons; units: volts (V) Resistance (R): an property of the parts of the circuit that slow down the electrons; units: ohms (Ω) 3 Types of circuits: – Parallel circuits – the electrons flow in more than one path to reach each resistor individually – Series circuits – the electrons flow in only one path passing through each resistor – Combination circuits – some resistors are in series, some are parallel Ohm’s Law: V=IR (different on equation sheet) Electrical Power: P=IV (different on equation sheet) Units of Power: Watts(W) 1. What is voltage if current is 1.5 amperes and resistance is 30 ohms? 2. What is the current flowing through a wire if the resistance is 20 ohms and the voltage is 40 volts? 3. What is a wire’s resistance if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through a wire and the voltage is 50 volts? 4. Your clothes dryer has 220V running into it and a current of about 18A. How much Power does it use? 5. Which type of circuit are these?