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THE CIVIL WAR:
CONFEDERACY VS. UNION (1861-1865)
Confederate
Union
Union
Blockade
Andersonville
Sherman’s
March
to the Sea
Antietam
What role did the
following events
play in the Civil
War?
Sherman’s
Atlanta
Campaign
Emancipation
Proclamation
Gettysburg
Chickamauga
The Civil War (1861-1865)
 At the start of the Civil
War, both North and
South had certain
advantages.
 The North's advantages
were tangible (i.e., they
were of a material
nature): manpower,
material, money, etc.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
 At the start of the Civil
War, both North and
South had certain
advantages.
 The South’s advantages
were
intangible (i.e., they were
of an immaterial nature):
better generals, fighting on
their own soil, fighting a
defensive war.
Resources of the North and South
North (Union)
South
(Confederate States of America)
A. 85% of the nation’s factories and
railroad lines
B. 22+ million people
C. Union army had 16,000+ trained
soldiers
D. Produced almost all of the firearms,
cloth, iron, ships & boats, and shoes
in the USA
A. 15% of factories and railroads were
in the South
B. 9 million people + 3.5 million slaves
C. The southern states did not have an
army.
D. Produced most of food (corn, rice,
wheat, & livestock) and cotton
E. Had strong/smart military leaders,
who resigned from the U.S. Army to
lead the south.
Military Strategies
•Anaconda Plan(North): Created
a blockade of U.S. ships and
ironclads around the southern
coastline and major rivers to
prevent the southern states from
exporting cotton and receiving
supplies.
•King Cotton Diplomacy(South):
Ask Great Britain & France to
break the Union’s blockade.
•The South thought Great Britain
& France would do it, so they
would continue buying cotton
and bring them supplies
(Weapons, etc.).
•France and Great Britain decided
not to help the Confederate
States of America.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Union Blockade of Georgia
-Many of Georgia’s ports were blocked throughout the
war – including Darien and Brunswick
-Strong Confederate forts protected some cities from
falling under the blockade
-Fort Pulaski protected Savannah, but in April of 1862, the
Confederate forces surrendered
-As a result, the Union troops used Fort Pulaski to block ships from
entering Savannah
-The blockade made it difficult for farmers and merchants to sell
their goods
-Also made it hard for Confederate army to receive supplies from
overseas allies
Fort Sumter-Start of the Civil War (4/12/1861)
Antietam
• On September 17, 1862, the
North and South fought the first
major battle on Northern soil at
Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg,
MD.
• Antietam was the bloodiest day
in U.S. history with over 26,000
casualties (more than all
previous American wars
combined).
Leaders at the Battle of Antietam
General George McClellan
General Robert E. Lee
Emancipation Proclamation
– On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln issued
the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that all
slaves in rebellious states were free:
– Because Lincoln did not control rebellious
states, no slaves were actually freed.
– Because European countries were against
slavery, the Proclamation ensured that
England or France would not help the South.
• By the middle of 1863, brilliant
Southern generals had brought the
North to the brink of defeat.
• Confident of victory, General Robert
E. Lee invaded the north in July 1863.
• At Gettysburg, PA, from July 1-3, 1863
the Northern army overwhelmed
Lee’s army.
• Turning point in the war
• The Southern Army never recovered
from the defeat at Gettysburg.
• Bloodiest battle of the Civil War51,000 soldiers were either killed or
injured
• Union-3,155 killed
• Confederates-3,500 killed
Gettysburg
Leaders of the Battle of Gettysburg
General George Meade
General Robert E. Lee
– For the first half of the war, Georgia was
free from major battles. From 1863 on,
Georgia became the crucial battleground of
the war.
– From September 19-20, 1863,
58,000 Union troops fought 66,000
Confederates at the battle of
Chickamauga, Georgia’s largest and
bloodiest battle.
– The South defeated the North and
forced them to retreat to
Chattanooga, TN.
Chickamauga
Battle of Chickamauga
Location – Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
Dates – September 18-20, 1863
Commanders
1. Confederates- General Braxton Bragg, General James Longstreet
2. Union- General William Rosecrans, General George Thomas
Notable Facts
1. Chickamauga is the first major battle in the State of Georgia.
2. Chickamauga means “The River of Death” in Cherokee.
3. Control of the railroad in Chattanooga was at stake
4. Bloodiest battle fought in Georgia
5. Caused Union forces to retreat back to Chattanooga and they
ended up capturing Chattanooga
Outcome-Confederate victory
BATTLE OF CHATTANOOGA:
CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE
Continuation of the Battle of Chickamauga (GA)
Union (North)
• Union troops led by
Generals Ulysses S. Grant
and William Sherman
counterattacked the
Confederates at Lookout
Mountain in Tennessee
• Union victory
Confederates (South)
• General Braxton Bragg
chased the Union troops
from Chickamauga and
trapped them in
Chattanooga, TN.
SHERMAN’S ATLANTA CAMPAIGN
General William T. Sherman’s plan was
to march through Georgia, take
Atlanta, and leave a path of destruction
to Savannah.
• Beginning on July 20, 1864,
General Sherman burned and
tore up the city of Atlanta for
almost 40 days.
• By September 2, 1864 the Union
troops had captured, burned and
destroyed Atlanta.
•
March to the Sea
• Sherman's March to the Sea is the
name commonly given to the military
Savannah Campaign in the American
Civil War, conducted through Georgia
from November 15 to December 21,
1864 by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh
Sherman of the Union Army
• Sherman’s orders were for the Union
army to destroy everything they came
across in order to crush any fighting
spirit left in Georgia.
• The “March to the Sea” left Georgia
in complete ruins, costing hundreds
of millions of dollars in damage.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
The Civil War (1861-1865)
• Just days after destroying Atlanta,
Sherman’s troops sacked Georgia’s capital
city, Milledgeville.
• Just before Christmas 1864, Sherman
entered the city of Savannah. He offered
the city to President Lincoln as a
Christmas gift.
• Within four months, April 1865, the
Confederate States of America
surrendered.
• The Civil War was over.
At the end of his famous March to
the Sea, which was intended to destroy
the Southern spirit, Sherman sent this
telegram to Abraham Lincoln. "I beg to
present you as a Christmas gift, the City
of Savannah, with 150 heavy guns, and
plenty of ammunition, and about 25,000
bales of cotton."
After four bloody years of civil war,
the South was defeated.
Andersonville
• One of the most tragic aspects of the war
was the notorious prisoner of war camp in
Andersonville, GA. Built in April 1864
• Barely able to supply their troops,
the South was unable to supply the
prison camps.
• Prisoners suffered from
overcrowding, malnutrition,
starvation, disease, and lack of
shelter.
• Of the 45,000 prisoners of war sent
to Andersonville, 13,000 (over
1/4th) died.
Andersonville
• Andersonville Prison had the
highest death rate of any Civil
War prison camp.
• Though he constantly begged
the Confederate government to
improve the conditions of the
camp, Captain Henry Wirz, the
Prison Commandant, was
hanged for war crimes.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
• The Civil War had left the South
in ruins:
• Many of the South’s major cities
had been completely destroyed.
• Nearly 25% of the South’s male
population had been killed.
• The Southern economy was
completely annihilated and would
not recover for decades.
What can you recall about the
Civil War?
1. The bloodiest single day of the Civil War was the Battle of ________.
2. Lincoln freed slaves in rebellious states with the _________________________.
3. The South never recovered from the defeat at the Battle of __________.
4. The greatest battle ever fought in Georgia was the Battle of ___________.
5. General Sherman’s military objective was to capture the important rail city of _______.
6. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” ended in the city of ________.
7. The most notorious prisoner of war camp during the Civil War was _____________.