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RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TOOL
Contents
1. SYNOPSIS
2. COMPANY PROFILE
3. SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT
INTRODUCTION TO THE SOFTWARE
4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS & SPECIFICATION
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
5. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
6. MODULES
7. DATA DICTIONARY
8. TESTING & RESULT
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9.CONCLUSION
10. ANNEXURES
SOURCE CODE
SAMPLE SCREENS
11. BIBILIOGRAPHY
URL’s OF WEBSITES VISITED AND RELEVANT INFORMATION
USED FOR PROJECT.
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RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TOOL
The ultimate aim of this project is to create a common GUI tool for
popular databases.
Already there are many tools available for all popular databases, but the
drawback is we need separate tool for each database.
This project is aimed at developing a Rapid Application Development
tool that can communicate with any physical database.
Hence a single tool can be used for issuing DDL, DML, TCL, and DCL
statements to any RDBMS. This tool provides faster access to the backend,
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switching over from one database to another database, easy querying
and a better user interfacability.
Modules
Various modules in this project are listed below:
 Universal Connector Module
 Graphical User Interface
 Meta Data Extractor
 Data Definer
 Data Manipulator
 Query Processor
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 Universal Connector
Universal Connector shows an open data source to a Oracle database, a
Microsoft Access database and a Microsoft SQL Server database, including its tables,
fields, and views for each.
Besides depicting each database connection being used in the site, Universal
Connector provides a live connection to each database, allowing developers to work
directly with these databases. For example, the developer can open any database to
view tables and defined views. The Universal Connector works with the Query
Processor and provides a sophisticated database application development system.
The tool bases its database connectivity on ODBC driver. One level above
ODBC, these tools use JDBC to provide object-based access to ODBC data sources.
Similarly, the visual design tools provided work with any databases that support
ODBC, including Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, Microsoft
Visual FoxPro, Informix, Sybase, IBM DB/2, and others.
A collection of information required to access a specific database should be
specified. The collection includes a data source name(DSN) and logon information.
Data connections are stored in a project and are activated when the user performs an
action that requires access to the database.
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For example, a data connection for a Microsoft SQL Server database consists of
the name of the database, the location of the server on which it resides, network
information used to access that server, and a user ID and password.
 Graphical User Interface
This module provides various wizards for each database commands
which simplifies the work for the users. Ample graphical user interface
components are provided for the extensive use by the users. Also it includes
menu bar, tool bar , tool tip controls and dialog boxes for more interaction.
 Meta Data Extractor
This module when enters the particular database provides the full description
about the various tables and the fields that are stored in the created database file .

Data Definer
This is used to define all attributes and properties of a database, especially row
layouts, column definitions, key columns (and, sometimes, keying methodology),
file locations, and storage strategy.
The wizards that contains Data Definition Language (DDL) statements. These are
statements that allow you to create or alter objects (such as tables, indexes, views,
and so on) in the database.
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
Data Manipulator
The Manipulator Designer works with any ODBC data source to help developers
visually construct even the most complex SQL statements. It helps the developer
generate the correct Data Manipulation Language (DML) code for SELECT,
INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE queries.
With this Designer, you can open live views of data sources and build queries. The
complex queries can be created across multiple tables, automatically creating the
proper SQL joins and visually depicting these relationships in the Design Wizards.
As the developer selects fields from tables, the Status window will display the
dynamically constructed SQL statement. If you modify this SQL statement, the
changes will be immediately reflected in the status window. The live SQL statement
wizard can be used to create stored procedures, execute arbitrary database definition
language (DDL) commands directly against any ODBC data source, and perform ad
hoc SQL queries. In addition, the Query Designer lets you execute any SQL
statement in the SQL pane to test it, displaying the results in a Results window. The
Database wizards use the Query Designer to build the SQL statements that they need
to access databases.

Query Processor
This processor permits the user to specify the required information and it generates
the queries automatically and thus accepts it and produces the results.Thus providing
the option of executing the direct queries.
2.8 Project Risk
Risk in a project is the possibility that the defined goals are not
met. The basic motivation of having risk management is to avoid disasters or
heavy losses. The current interest in risk management is full of major and minor
failures.
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Risk is defined as an exposure to the chance or injury or loss. That is, risk
implies that there is a possibility that something negative may happen. In the
context of project, negative implies that there is an adverse effect on cost,
quality or schedule.
2.8 Project Security
Security requirements are particularly significant in database
systems. Security requirements place restrictions on the use of certain
commands, control access to data, provide different kind of access requirements
for different people, require the use of passwords, and cryptography techniques,
and maintain a log of activities in the system.
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3.1 JAVA
Java was conceived by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Wrath,
Ed Frank and Mike Sheridan and SUN Micro Systems Incorporation in 1991. It
took 18 months to develop the first working version.
This language was
initially called "OAK", but was renamed "JAVA" in 1995. Before the initial
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implementation of OAK in 1992 and the public announcement of Java in 1995,
many more contributed to the design and evolution of the language.
JAVA OVERVIEW
Java is a powerful but lean object oriented programming language. It has
generated a lot of excitement because it makes it possible to program for
Internet by creating applets, programs that can be embedded in web page.
The context of an applet is limited only by one's imagination. For
example, an applet can be animated with sound, an interactive game or a ticker
tape with constantly updated stock prices. Applets can be just little decoration
to liven up web page, or they can be serious applications like word processors
or spreadsheet.
But Java is more than a programming language for writing applets. It is
being used more and more for writing standalone applications as well. It is
becoming so popular that many people believe it will become standard language
for both general purpose and Internet programming.
Java builds on the strength of C++. It has taken best features of C++. It
has added garbage collection, multi threading and security capabilities. The
result is that Java is actually a platform and easy to use.
Java is actually a platform consisting of three components:
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1. Java programming language
2. Java library of classes and interfaces
3. Java virtual machine
FEATURES OF SOFTWARE USED
OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMING
Object-oriented programming is at the core of java. In fact,
all java programs are object-oriented -this isn't an option the way that it is
in c++, for example, oop is so integral to java that you must understand
its basic principles before you can write even simple program. Therefore
this chapter begins with a discussion of the theoretical aspects of objectoriented programming.
As we know, all computer programs consist of two elements:
code and data. Furthermore, a program can be conceptually organized
around its code or around its data. That is, some programs are written
around "what is happening" and other is written around
"who is being
affected”. These are the two paradigms that govern how a program is
constructed.
Classes
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A class is a combination of similar type. The combination of both data
and the code of an object can be made a user defined data type with the help of
a class. A class defines shapes and behaviors of an object and data. In class has
been defined we can create any number of object belonging to that class.
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said already classes are user defined data types and behave likes the built in
types of programming language.
Data Abstraction
An essential element of object -oriented programming is abstraction.
Humans manage complexity through abstraction. For example, people do
not think of a car as a set of tens of thousands of individual parts. They
think of it as a well -defined object with its own unique behavior. The
point is that you manage the complexity of car (or any other complex
system) through the use of hierarchical abstraction.
Hierarchical abstraction of complex system can also be applied to
computer program .The data from a traditional process-oriented programe can
be transformed by abstraction into its component object. A sequence of process
steps can became a collection of message between these object. Thus ,each of
this object describes its own unique behavior.
The java programming language and environment is designed to solve a
number of problem in modern programming practice. Much of the character of
java is inherited from C++ and C.
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Data abstraction is an act of representing essential features without
including the background details and explanations.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it
manipulates, and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. It is the
protective wrapper that prevents the code and data being accessed by other code
from outside. Access to the code and data inside the wrapper is tightly
controlled through a well-defined interface,.
In java the basis of encapsulation is class. A class defines the
structure and behaviour that will be shared by a set of objects. Objects are
reffered as instances of a class.
Data Encapsulation is one of the most striking features of java.
Encapsulation is the wrapping up of data and functions into a single unit called
class. The wrapped defines the behavior and protects the code and data from
being arbitrarily accessed by the outside world and only those functions, which
are wrapped in the class, can access it. This type of insulation of data from
direct access by the program is called 'Data hiding'.
Inheritance
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Inheritance is the process by which objects of a class can acquire the
properties of objects of another class i.e. in java the concept of inheritance
provides idea of reusability providing the means of adding additional features to
an existing class without modifying it. This is possible by deriving a new class
from the existing on thus the newly created class will have the combined
features of both the parent and the child classes.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one form i.e. one object,
many shapes. Polymorphism plays an important role in allowing objects having
different internal structure to share the same external interface. This states a
general class if operations may be accessed in the same manner ever though,
specific actions with each operation may differ.
Polymorphism is a feature that allows one interface to be
used for a general class of actions. This helps to reduce complexity by allowing
the same interface to be used to specify a general class of action. It is the
compilers job to select the specific action as it applies to each situation.
The advantages of Java are:
 Simple
 Object-Oriented
 Robust
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 Multithreaded
 Portable
 Secure
THE BYTE CODE
The key that allows java to solve both the security and the portability
problems just described is that the output of a java compiler is not executable
code. There, it is byte code. Byte code is a highly optimized set of instructions
designed to be executed by the java run-time system, which is called java
virtual machine (JVM).
Translating a java program into byte code helps makes it much easier
to run a program in a wide variety of environments. The reason is
straightforward: only the JVM needs to be implemented for each flat form.
Once the run-time package exists for a given system, any java program can run
on it. Remember although the details of the JVM will differ from platform to
platform, all interpret the same java byte code. If a java program were compiled
to native code, then different versions of the same program would have to exist
for each type of CPU connected to the Internet. This is, of course, not a feasible
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solution. Thus, the interpretation of byte code is the easiest way to create truly
portable programs.
Dynamic Binding
Binding refers the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed
in response to the call.
Dynamic binding means that the code associated with a given procedure call is
not known until the time of the call at the run time.
Dynamic binding is closely associated with the concepts of polymorphic
depends on the dynamic type of that reference.
PACKAGES AND INTERFACES
Java allows to groups classes in a collection called packages. Packages
are convenient way of organizing the classes and libraries. Packages can be
nested. A number of classes having same kind of behavior can be grouped
under a package.
Packages are imported into the required java programs using the import
keyword. Interfaces provide a mechanism that allows unrelated classes to
implement the same set of methods. An interface is a collection of method
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prototypes and constant values that is free from dependency on a specific class.
Interfaces are implemented by using the implements keyword.
INTRODUCTION TO API
Application programming interface (API) forms the heart of any java
program. These API's are defined in corresponding java packages and are
imported to the program. Some of the packages available in java are
 Java. Lang
-includes all language libraries
 Java.awt
-includes AWT libraries, such as windows,
Scrollbars, etc., for GUI applications
 Java. Applet -includes API for applet programming
 Java.io
-includes all libraries required for input-output
(io) applications.
 Java. Image
-includes libraries for image processing.
 Java.net
-includes networking API's.
 Java.util
-includes general API's like vector, stack etc.
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java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
The Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is a standard java extension for
data access that allows Java programmers to code to a unified relational
database API.
By using JDBC, java programmer can represent database
connections; issue SQL statements, process database results, implemented by a
JDBC Drive, an adapter that known how to talk to a particular database in a
proprietary way. JDBC is similar to the Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
standard.
JDBC is a java database connectivity API that is a part of the Java
Enterprise APIs .It is used to integrate relational database with java programs. It
defines a set of API objects and methods to interact with the underlying
database. JDBC provides database access via Java that is independent of both
the platform and the database whose system the application runs on.
A java program first opens a connection to a database, makes a statement
object and retrieves the results as well as information about the
result sets. As a part of JDBC, a driver is also provided to access ODBC data
sources from JDBC. This driver is called the JDBC-ODBC bridge . It is
implemented as the JdbcOdbc.class and a native library to access the ODBC
driver.
As JDBC is close to ODBC in design, the ODBC bridge is a thin layer
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over JDBC. Internally, this driver maps JDBC methods to ODBC calls and,
thus, intracts with any available ODBC driver. The advantage of this bridge is
that now JDBC has the capability to access almost all database, as ODBC
drivers are widely available. The JDBC-ODBC bridge allows JDBC driver to
be used as ODBC drivers by converting JDBC method calls into ODBC
function calls.
ORACLE
Oracle server is a multi user tool that works in a client /server
environment. Client / server programming is a form of distributed application
processing.
Oracle Server (i.e. Oracle Back-End): its primary job is to manage data
optimally among multiple users that concurrently request for the same data.
Access to data, in the data storage system is always via the oracle server. This
gives a single entry point to access data. Any one point, data access system has
the capacity of offering excellent data security.
The product oracle server can be called oracle DBA, oracle engine or
oracle server interchangeably. To work with oracle engine the user needs to be
able to communicate with it when loaded in a server’s memory. Oracle provides
an interactive SQL tool called SQL * plus which allow user to enter sentences
and then pass them to the oracle engine for execution.
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These sentences allows the user to create, access and maintain data
structures like tables, indexes etc.
Oracle is a set of tools in a genre of software products, which forms a
Relational Database Management System.A Database Management System
stores data in the form of related tables – a collection of information organized
in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data.
At its heart, Oracle is a software engine, which stores data and manages access
to the data residing on a server.
Important Features Of Oracle
 Large Database and Space Management Control:
Oracle supports the largest of databases, potentiallyterabytes
in size. To make efficient useofexpensive hardware devices,
it allows full control of space usage.
 Client/Server:
Oracle allows processing to be split between the database
server and client application program.
 Many Concurrent Database Users:
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Oracle supports large number of concurrent usersexecuting
variety of database applications operating on the same data.It
minimizes data contention and guarantees data concurrency.
 Manageable security:
To protect against unauthorized databaseaccess and use,
Oracle provides fail-safe security features to limit and
moniter data access.
 Database enforces integrity:
Oracle enforces data integrity, business rules that dictate the
standards for acceptable data.
 Portability:
Oracle can be ported to any Operating System with littleor
no modifications.
 Compatibility:
Oracle Software is compatible with industry standards. Application
developed for Oracle can be used on virtually any system with little or
no modifications.
 Connectivity:
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Oracle software allows different types of computers and
operating systems to share information across the network.
AWT
The Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) provides support for
applets. The AWT contains numerous classes and methods that allows as to
create and manage windows. The main purpose of the AWT is to support applet
windows , it can also be used to create stand-alone windows that run in a GUI
environment, such as Windows.
The AWT classes are contained in the java. awt package. It is one
of Java’s largest packages.
The AWT supports the following types of controls:
 Labels
 Push buttons
 Check boxes
 Choice lists
 Lists
 Scroll bars
 Text Field
Labels
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The label is the easiest control to use. A label is an object of type
Label, and it contains a string, which it displays. Labels are passive
controls that do not support any interaction with the user.
Push Buttons
The most widely used control is the push button. A push button is a
component that contains a label and that generates an event when it is
pressed. Push buttons are objects of type Button. We can set the label for
the button. The label is used for the identification of the buttons.
Check Boxes
A check box is a control that is used to turn an option on or off. It
consists of a small box that can either contain a check mark or not. There
is a label associated with each check box that describes what option the
box represents. We change the state of a check box by clicking on it.
Check boxes can be used individually or as part of a group.
Checkbox Group
It is possible to create a set of mutually exclusive check boxes in
which one and only check box in the group can be checked at any one
time. These check boxes are often called radio buttons, because they act
like the station selector on a car radio- only one station can be selected at
any one time. To create a set of mutually exclusive check boxes, we must
first define the group to which they will belong and they specify that
group when we construct the check boxes. Check box groups are object
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of type Checkbox Group . Only the default constructor is defined, which
creates an empty group.
Lists
The List class provides a compact, multiple-choice, scrolling
selection list. A List object can be constructed to show any number of
choices in the visible window. It can also be created to allow multiple
selections.
Scroll Bars
Scroll bars are used to select continuous values between a specified
minimum and maximum. Scroll bars may be oriented horizontally or
vertically. A scroll bar is actually a composition of several individual
parts. Each end has an arrow that you can click to move the current value
of the scroll bar one unit in the direction of the arrow. The current value
of the scroll bar relative to its minimum and maximum values is indicated
by the slider box for the scroll box. The slider box can be dragged by the
user to a new position. The scroll bar will then reflect this value. In the
background space on either side of the thumb, the user can click to cause
the thumb to jump in that direction by some increment larger than 1.
Typically, this action translates into some form of page up and page
down. Sroll bars are encapsulated by the Scrollbar class.
TextField
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The TextField class implements a single-line-text-entry area, usally
called an edit control. Text field allow the user to enter strings and to edit
the text using the arrow keys, cut and paste keys, and mouse selections.
TextField is a subclass of TextComponent.
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System Analysis
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The Rapid Application Development is platform independent, can
communicate with many popular databases, and provide users with rich options
to perform various data definition, manipulation, control and transaction control
operations with a single tool and with many databases. This tool has the
following features:
Enables user to communicate with many popular databases.
Features to execute all database commands like DDL, DML, TCL and
DCL.
Frees users from writing complex data retrieval queries. The user just
needs to specify the data needed and the table names, the system generates the
equivalent query and executes it with the database fetches the results and
displays it to the user in a pleasing format.
Can be used in any platform, which supports java.
Also provide direct querying features for advanced users. Hence suitable
for both advanced as well as casual users.
Platform independency:
Platform independency is a main requirement that the proposed system
has to meet. In order to meet this requirement, the choice of language for the
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development has been made as JAVA. As java is highly portable and most of
the modern systems have support for java, it is the ideal choice at the present
scenario, added to is the availability of rich standard library for java and the
ease of development that java offers to software.
Also the system can be used to communicate with different databases.
Once the user specifies the choice of database then a connection is established
to the database by means of a suitable driver, which is in turn selected from a
pool of database drivers. Once a connection is established any user task can be
executed.
Means for Easy Querying:
Another important requirement is offering users with easy means for
retrieving data from multiple tables based on specific data. A separate queryprocessing module takes of generating complex database queries based on
information provided by user. Once the equivalent query is developed it is
executed in the database using JDBC interfaces. Hence powerful and complex
queries can be generated that enable retrieval of data from multiple tables based
on several criteria.
Apart from generating queries the system also provides with the option of
executing direct queries provided by users. This feature is highly useful for
advanced users. Thereby the system is equally desirable for advanced and
casual users.
4.1.3
GUI Capabilities:
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Providing the users with many user-friendly GUI interfaces is the major
requirement. This requirement can be effectively met by means of the vast
AWT and SWING controls of java library.
Various interfaces are needed for providing the users with the option of
executing various data definition language commands, date manipulation
commands, transaction control and data control commands.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
Software Requirement
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The software would have be deployed on the server side as well as
on the client side, hence it is necessary to specify the software requirements for
both the server as well as for the client separetly.
Platform
:
Windows 2000/NT
Language
:
Java (JDK 1.3), JDBC 2.0
Database
:
Oracle , MS Access ,SQL Server
GUI
:
Swing,AWT
Hardware Requirements
 Processor
: Pentium III
 Monitor
: SVGA
 RAM
:28MB(minimum)
 Speed
: 500MHZ
 Floppy Disk
: 3.5 inch
 Keyboard
: 104 Keys of any standard
manufacturer
 Mouse
: Logitech 3 button with scrollbar
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System Design
Definition of System Design
The design phase begins when the requirement
specification document for the software to be developed is
available. Design is the first step to moving from the problem domain
towards the solution domain.Design is essentially the bridge between
requirement specification and the final solution for satisfying the
requirements.The design of a system is essentially a blue print, or a
plan for a solution for the system.
The design process for software system often
has two levels.At the first level the focus is on deciding which
modules are needed for the system, the specification of these modules
, and hoe the modules should be interconnected.It is called system
Design or top-level design.In the second level, the internal design of
modules,or how the specifications of the module can be satisfiedis
decided upon. This design level is often called detailed design or logic
design.
A design methodology is a systematic approach to
creating a design by application of aset of techniques and guidelines.
5.1.1 Introduction
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The goal of the design process is not simply to produce a design
for the system.Instead the goal is to find the best possible
design,within the limitations imposed by the requirements and
physical and social environment in which the system will
operate.1
In order to evaluate a design, some desirable properties for a
software system desiogn are:
 Verifiability
 Completeness
 Consistency
 Efficiency
 Traceability
 Simplicity/Understandability
The property of verifiability of a design is concerned with how
easily the correctness of the design can be argued. Traceability
is an important property that can aid desig verification.It
requires that all design elements must be traceable to the
requirements.Completeness required that all different
componentes of the design should be specified.
Design principals are concerned with providing means to
effectively handle the complexity of the design process.The
software, which is developed, has an interactive , user-friendly
intercface, so operational difficulties are almost eliminated.It
will improve the performance after implementations as the
information can be delivered to the designation with
payroll.Hence the project is considered operationally feasible.
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5.1.2 System Design
The most creative and challengingphase of the system
life cycle is system design.In this step we step we move from the
logical to the physical aspect of the life cycle.The term design
describes a final system and the process by which it is
developed.The question here is:now should
The problem is solved.The design of the system is
perhaps the most critical factor affecting the quality of the
software,and has major impact on thelater phase,particularly
testing and maintenance.The output of this phase is the design
document, which is similar to a blueprint or a plan for the solution.
The design activity is often divided into two separate phases
 System Design or Primary Design
 Detailed Design
5.1.2.1
System Design or Primary Design
System design, which sometimes called as
Preliminary Design, aims to identify the molecules that should be
in the system, the specification of these modules, and how they
interact with each other to produce the desired result.At the end of
system design all the major molecules in the system and their
specifications are decided.
In Detailed Design the internal logic of the molecules
specified in system design is decided.During this phase further
detailes of the data structure and algorithmic design of each of the
molecule is specified.The logic of a molecule is usually specified
in a high-level design description language, which is independent
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of the target languagein which the software will eventually be
implemented.
In the system design the focus is on identifying the
molecules, where as during detailed design the focus is on
designing the logic for each of the molecules.In other words, in the
system design the attention is on what components are needed,
whilein detailed design how the components can be implemented
in software is the issue.
5.1.2.2
Design Methodology
A design methodology is a systematic approch to creating
a design by application of a set of techniques andguidelines.The
basic principlea used in any design methodology are
 Problem Partitioning
 Abstraction
Large systems as whole can't be handled, and so for design it
is partitioned into smaller systems.The partitionning of the system
has to be done in a manner such that the eventual system is
modular.A system is modular if it consists of a set of discrete
component supports a well-defined abstraction and a change to
one component has minimal impact on other component.
Modularity is clearly desirable for implementation and
maintenance.Modularity is determind during system design.To provide
modularity , a designer has to make sure that the modules specified
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during system design have minimal interconnections with one another,
and that each module is internally cohesive.
5.1.2.3 Preliminary Design
The preliminary design consist of the following
documents:
 Context Diagram
 Data Flow Diagram
A database management system consists of a collection of interrelated
data and a set of program to access those data. The collection of data usually
referred to as database. The primary goal of database management system is to
provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use in retrieving
and storing database information.
In this project database is used to store and retrieve the details every table
consist the fields with appropriate data types.
System Architecture
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User Interfaces
Database Name
Connection
Manager
Query
Storage and
Process
Manager
Database
Manager
Query Analyzer
Database
Process Design
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Database Name
Connecting
To Database
Select a suitable
Driver and connect
Database
Process Design
User Commands
User Command
processing
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Process Design
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User Query
Query Analysis
Direct User Queries
Execute Query
Database
Get results from
database
Display results
Data Dictionary
A data dictionary should be established to define both data and program
design. A data dictionary explicitly represents the relationship among objects
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and the constraints as the element of data structure. In each representation data
objects and/or control items play a role. Therefore it is necessary to provide
organized approach for representing the characteristics of each data object or
control item name and its aliases are entered information data dictionary
consistency in naming can be enforced.
INPUT DESIGN
The inputs are given to the corresponding windows. Even though
existence tests have to be done on there items the user should be given freedom
of modifying the procedures accordingly to facilitate this feature.
OUTPUT DESIGN
The output is the essential element of any system. At the output can be
presented in many different ways. The appropriate method should be used while
preventing the user with the output that is convenient for them.
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7.TESTING & RESULT
Software testing is critical element of software quality assurance and
represents ultimate review of specification, design and coding.
Test case design focuses on a set of technique for the creation
of test cases that meet overall testing objectives.
Planning and testing
of a programming system involve formulating a set of test cases, which are
similar to the real data that the system is intended to manipulate.
UNIT TESTING
INTEGRATION TESTING
ACCEPTANCE TESTING
UNIT TESTING
Unit testing is the basic level of testing where individual modules are
tested to ensure that they operate correctly.
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Unit testing considers each module to be a stand-alone entity, which does
not require other modules to be present during the testing process. Our
project has been subject to this testing where each modules was tested
individually and it was noted that it met its specifications
INTEGRATION TESTING
Here different modules of the project were linked together into one whole
unit and then they were subjected to a full flow testing i.e. the full flow of
the user’s input right from the screens, then to the application logic
components and finally to the database is checked.
ACCEPTANCE TESTING
Acceptance testing is the process of testing the system with real data – the
information, which the system is intended to manipulate.
Acceptance testing often demonstrates errors in the system
requirement’s definition.
The requirements may not reflect the actual facilities and performance
required by the user and testing may demonstrate that the system does not
exhibit the anticipated performance and functionality
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CONCLUSION
This project has been successfully developed using the standard software
development strategies that is followed in the Industry. I hope that this system
would help the RAPID APPLICATION TOOL fulfill their requirements and
satisfy their customers.
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This project has been developed by our sincere effort.This project has so
many useful features, unlike the existing system which is very much restricted
in its operation. Of course even some limitations also exist. According to the
specified functionality, it will work in a proper
manner.
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MAINTENANCE ISSUES
The software maintenance is the important one in the software
development. We have to spent more money for maintenance. The software
maintenance means to improve our software quality according to current
positions.
Initially maintenance of organization must be established, reporting and
evaluation produce must be described and a standardized sequence of events
must be defined for each maintenance request. In the software maintenance, to
improve our software two type of engineering are available.
 REVERSE ENGINEERING
 RE ENGINEERING
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By using these two techniques software qualities are improved. Reverse
engineering means updating the existing software. Reengineering means that
the software has been modified entirely.
Software maintenance is an important task that analyzes the functions
and performance of the project. Frequent checks performance of the project.
Frequent checks are made to upgrade the system since the existing software will
be outdated. Developed software is characterized by the following activities:
 Corrective maintenance
 Adaptive maintenance
 Prefecture maintenance
 Preventive maintenance
The corrective maintenance is to recover the error that exists even after
testing. During this process the user is allowed to work on the system and
requested to report if any error is encountered.
The adaptive maintenance for the project, which should adapt to the
different environments. This project is developed in view of attaining adaptive
characteristic both in internal and external environment.
The prefecture maintenance is used to estimate the perfect ness of the
software development. It helps to recommend the new capabilities of
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existing functions and general enhancement the recommendations can
vibes received from the user and proposed for the feature enhancement.
Preventive maintenance is to improve the maintainability and reliability
of the system in order to provide better basis for future enhancements.
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