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Unit 1 What is Science? Timeline Big Idea Objectives Review Concepts Scope and Sequence Instructional Activities Assessment August 7-August 29, 2014 Science Skills 1. Identify and clarify biological research questions and design experiments 2. Manipulate variables in experiments using appropriate procedures 3. Collect, organize, and analyze data accurately and precisely 4. Interpret results and draw conclusions, revising hypotheses as necessary and/or formulating additional questions or explanations 5. Write and speak effectively to present and explain scientific results, using appropriate terminology and graphics 6. Safely use laboratory equipment and techniques when conducting scientific investigations 7. Use appropriate SI units for length, mass, time, temperature, quantity, area, volume, and density, and describe the relationships among SI unit prefixes (e.g., centi-, milli-, kilo-) and how SI units are related to analogous English units 8. Describe the biological criteria that need to be met in order for an organism to be considered alive Scientific Method Metric Measurement Ch. 1 Biology: The Study of Life Class discussions, cooperative groups, internet search, assigned VIDEOS and readings Labs: Inquiry Choice Chambers, Obscertainers, Metric Measurement, Characteristics of Life, Spark Inquiry Temperature (Introduction to Data Collection) Activities: Using Graphs, Lab report Differentiation: Current Science journal articles, Honors project introduction & topic selection, extension questions Quizzes Metric Mastery Test Lab/Activity Questions VIDEO and Reading Homework Open Response Test VIDEOs: Science Spot Metric Mania http://sciencespot.net/Pages/classmetric.html#Anchor-General-49575 Lesson 1 Length Presentation Lesson 2 Mass Presentation Lesson 3 Volume Presentation Lesson 4 Density Brain Pop How to Convert Units (4:00) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKCZn5MLKvk How to Graph http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Graph/ Introduction to Characteristics of Life (3:40) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juxLuo-sH6M The 8 Characteristics of Life (1:29) http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=fvwp&v=kl10jtgMTV4 Readings: Are Viruses Alive? (Scientific American, 2004) http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=are-viruses-alive-2004 Unit 2 Ecology Timeline Big Idea Objectives Review Concepts Scope and Sequence Instructional Activities Assessment September 2 - October 2, 2014 Interdependence 1. Define and provide examples of biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, species, habitat, and niche 2. Discuss biotic and abiotic factors that affect land and aquatic biomes 3. Discuss the role of beneficial bacteria 4. Explain how energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, from photosynthetic organisms to herbivores to carnivores and decomposers 5. Explain how the amount of life any environment can support is limited by the available matter and energy and by the ability of ecosystems to recycle the residue of dead organic materials 6. Explain how organisms cooperate and compete in ecosystems and how interrelationships and interdependencies of organisms may generate ecosystems that are stable for thousands of years 7. Diagram the flow of energy using food webs, food chains, and pyramids (e.g., pyramid of energy, pyramid of biomass, and pyramid of numbers) 8. Describe examples of competition, symbiosis, and predation 9. Explain the concept of carrying capacity 10. Describe the growth of populations, including exponential and logistic growth 11. Explain the process of ecological succession, and describe the different communities that result 12. Read and describe current journal articles relating to environmental concerns 13. Discuss and evaluate the significance of human interference with major ecosystems Food Chains and Food Webs Graphing and Metric Measurement Ch. 2 Principles of Ecology Ch. 3 Communities, Biomes and Ecosystems Ch. 4 Population Biology Ch. 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Class discussions, cooperative groups, internet search, assigned VIDEOS and readings Labs: Food What Food, Transpiration, Oh Deer, Lynx Eats the Hare, Compost vs. Potting Soil (on going), The Greenhouse Effect, Spark Organisms and pH, Spark Acid Rain, Climate Change Labs Activities: Symbiosis Challenge, Carbon Cycle Game, Biome Disruption Presentations, Real World Succession, Around the World Age Structures, Environmental Concern PowerPoint/Prezi, Life Cycle Assessment Debates, Carrying Capacity Differentiation: Current Science journal articles, Honors project research & experimental design, extension questions Quizzes Lab/Activity Questions VIDEO and Reading Homework Presentations Multiple Choice/Open Response Test VIDEOs: Lesson 1 Introduction to Ecology, Habitat, Niche and Ecological Levels http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVGNYmJIQTY&feature=youtube_gdata_player Lesson 2 Symbiosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q&feature=fvwrel Lesson 3 Energy Flow http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIh7LJ483RA&feature=youtube_gdata_player Lesson 4 Bio-geo-chemical Cycles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UHo6I5cCTk&feature=youtube_gdata_player Lesson 5 Limiting Factors and Tolerance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOy_dqnHuqs&feature=youtube_gdata_player Lesson 6 Ecological Succession http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V49IovRSJDs Lesson 7 Biomes http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science/biomes-videos-playlist.htm#video28104 Lesson 8 Population Growth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8rGCYtqw6o&feature=youtube_gdata_player Lesson 9 Human Population Growth (two VIDEOS) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdlKVfk7_iQ&feature=related http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/the-magazine/the-magazine-latest/ngm-7billiontypical/?source=news_7billion Lesson 10 Landfill and Recycling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3clxhin8JQ Readings: Global Climate Change http://www.globalchange.gov/publications/reports/scientificassessments/us-impacts/ Unit 3 Biochemistry Timeline Big Idea Objectives Review Concepts Scope and Sequence Instructional Activities Assessment VIDEOs: Readings: October 13 - October 31, 2014 Life is Chemical Reactions 1. Identify subatomic particles and describe how they are arranged in atoms 2. Describe the difference between ions and atoms and the importance of ions in biological processes 3. Compare the types of bonding between atoms to form molecules 4. Show how chemical reactions (e.g., photosynthesis, fermentation, cellular respiration) can be represented by chemical formulas 5. Explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds 6. Explain the fundamental principles of the pH scale and the consequences of having the different concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions 7. Describe the general structure and function(s), including common functional groups, of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, carbohydrates, fatty acids, glycerol, glycerides, lipids, amino acids, dipeptides, polypeptides, proteins, and nucleic acids 8. Describe the function of enzymes, including how enzyme-substrate specificity works, in biochemical reactions 9. Define and explain the unique properties of water that are essential to living organisms Atomic Structure Graphing and Metric Measurement Properties of Water Ch. 6 Chemistry in Biology Class discussions, cooperative groups, internet search, assigned VIDEOS and readings Labs: Enzymes Inquiry, Spark pH, Spark Buffers, Lactose Intolerance, Structure and Properties of Carbohydrates, Properties of Lipids, Spark Energy Content of Food, Spark Role of Buffers, Organic Molecules Lab Activities: Carbohydrates as Marshmallows, Enzyme Puzzles, Case Study Sweet Indigestion Differentiation: Current Science journal articles, Honors project introduction & topic selection, extension questions Quizzes Lab/Activity Questions VIDEO and Reading Homework Multiple Choice/Open Response Test Unit 4 The Cell Timeline Big Idea Objectives November 5 - December 19, 2014 Structure Fits Function 1. Explain how cells store energy temporarily as ATP 2. Analyze the similarities and differences among (a) plant versus animal cells and (b) eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cells 3. Describe the functions of all major cell organelles, including nucleus, ER, RER, Golgi apparatus, ribosome, mitochondria, microtubules, microfilaments, lysosomes, centrioles, and cell membrane 4. Illustrate how all cell organelles work together 5. Contrast the structure and function of subcellular components of motility (e.g., cilia, flagella, pseudopodia) 6. Explain how the cell membrane controls movement of substances both into and out of the cell and within the cell 7. Explain how the cell membrane maintains homeostasis 8. Describe and contrast these types of cell transport: osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport 9. Explain the interaction between pigments, absorption of light, and reflection of light Describe the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis 10. Relate the products of the light-dependent reactions to the products of the light-independent reactions 11. Design and conduct an experiment (including the calculations necessary to make dilutions and prepare reagents) demonstrating effects of environmental factors on photosynthesis 12. Identify the cellular sites of and follow through the major pathways of anaerobic and aerobic respiration, compare reactants and products for each process, and account for how aerobic respiration produces more ATP per monosaccharide 13. Explain how photosynthetic organisms use the processes of photosynthesis and respiration 14. Describe the basic process of mitosis Review Concepts Plant Cells vs Animal Cells Microscope Parts Scope and Sequence Ch. 7 Cellular Structure and Function Ch 8 Cellular Energy Ch 9 Cellular Reproduction Class discussions, cooperative groups, internet search, assigned VIDEOS and readings Labs: Introduction to the Microscope, Comparing Plant and Animal Cells, Keeping a Balance: Homeostasis and Negative Feedback, Selective Permeability, Spark Membrane Permeability, Gummy Bear Diffusion, Osmosis, Spark Photosynthesis, Inquiry Photosynthesis, Spark Cellular Respiration, Mitosis Activities: Case Study, Cell Analogy Assignment Differentiation: Current Science journal articles, Honors project introduction & topic selection, extension questions Quizzes Lab/Activity Questions VIDEO and Reading Homework Multiple Choice/Open Response Test Instructional Activities Assessment VIDEOs: Readings: Unit 5 Genetics Timeline Big Idea January 5 - February 13, 2015 Continuity and Diversity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Objectives 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Review Concepts Scope and Sequence Instructional Activities Assessment Describe the basic structure and function of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, amino acids, polypeptides, and proteins (e.g., replication, transcription, and translation) Describe the experiments of major scientists in determining both the structure of DNA and the central dogma Use mRNA codon charts to determine amino acid sequences of example polypeptides Use mRNA codon charts to determine the effects of different types of mutations on amino acid sequence and protein structure (e.g., sickle cell anemia resulting from base substitution mutation) Illustrate how all cell organelles work together by describing the step-by-step process of the translation of an mRNA strand into a protein and its subsequent processing by organelles so that the protein is appropriately packaged, labeled, and eventually exported by the cell Describe how gene expression is regulated in organisms such that specific proteins are synthesized only when they are needed by the cell (e.g., allowing cell specialization) Describe the basic process of meiosis Identify and explain Mendel’s law of segregation and law of independent assortment Explain how the process of meiosis reveals the mechanism behind Mendel’s conclusions about segregation and independent assortment on a molecular level Define and provide an example of the following: genotype, phenotype, dominant allele, recessive allele, codominant alleles, incompletely dominant alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, and carrier Explain sex-linked patterns of inheritance in terms of some genes being absent from the smaller Y chromosome, and thus males (XY) having a different chance of exhibiting certain traits than do females (XX) Construct and interpret Punnett squares and pedigree charts (e.g., calculate and predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios and probabilities) Infer parental genotypes and phenotypes from offspring data presented in pedigree charts and from the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring Describe the mode of inheritance in commonly inherited disorders (e.g., sickle cell anemia, Down syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, PKU) Complete a major project relating to recombinant DNA, cloning, or stem cell research Mitosis Punnett Squares Ch 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Ch 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity Ch. 12 Molecular Genetics Ch. 13 Genetics and Biotechnology Class discussions, cooperative groups, internet search, assigned VIDEOS and readings Labs: Crossing Over, Determination of Genotypes from Phenotypes, Blood Typing, Descendent Discs, Eye Color/Polygenic Inheritance, Karyotype, Berryful of DNA Activities: Fruit Fly Simulation, Sex-linked Traits Simulation, Case Study, DNA Model, Transcription and Translation, Snork DNA, BioDecisions Differentiation: Current Science journal articles, Honors project experimentation, extension questions Quizzes Lab/Activity Questions VIDEO and Reading Homework Presentations Multiple Choice/Open Response Test VIDEOs: Your Health Depends on Where You Live http://www.ted.com/talks/bill_davenhall_your_health_depends_on_where_you_live.html Readings: Unit 6 History of Biological Diversity Timeline Big Idea Objectives Review Concepts Scope and Sequence Instructional Activities Assessment VIDEOs: Readings: February 17 - March 13, 2015 Change Over Time 1. Describe the experiments of Redi, Needham, Spallanzani, and Pasteur to support or falsify the hypothesis of spontaneous generation 2. Explain the biological definition of evolution 3. Differentiate among chemical evolution, organic evolution, and the evolutionary steps along the way to aerobic heterotrophs and photosynthetic autotrophs 4. Discuss Darwin’s principle of survival of the fittest and explain what Darwin meant by natural selection 5. Explain the influences of other scientists (e.g., Malthus, Wallace, Lamarck, Lyell) and of Darwin’s trip on HMS Beagle in formulating Darwin’s ideas about natural selection 6. Contrast Lamarck’s and Darwin’s ideas about changes in organisms over time 7. Provide examples of behaviors that have evolved through natural selection (e.g., migration, courtship rituals) 8. Design, perform, and analyze a laboratory simulation of natural selection on a working population 9. Specifically describe the conditions required to be considered a species (e.g., reproductive isolation, geographic isolation)Describe the basic types of selection, including disruptive, stabilizing, and directional 10. Explain how natural selection and its evolutionary consequences (e.g., adaptation or extinction) provide a scientific explanation for the fossil record of ancient life-forms and the striking molecular similarities observed among the diverse species of living organisms 11. Discuss evidence from the fields of geology, biochemistry, embryology, comparative anatomy, and comparative physiology that points to shared evolutionary relationships 12. Explain how Earth’s life-forms have evolved from earlier species as a consequence of interactions of (a) the potential of a species to increase its numbers and (b) genetic variability of offspring due to mutation and recombinations of DNA 13. Distinguish between catastrophism, gradualism, and punctuated equilibrium Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Graphing and Metric Measurement Ch 14 The History of Life Ch 15 Evolution Class discussions, cooperative groups, internet search, assigned VIDEOS and readings Labs: Biological Evidence for Evolution, Natural Selection For the Birds, A Step in Speciation, Hungry Birds, Sex and the Single Guppy, Literacy Lab – Types of Natural Selection, Sunflower seed graphing Activities: Case Study, Natural Selection Diagram, Virtual Natural Selection, Graphing Natural Selection Differentiation: Current Science journal articles, Honors project experimentation, extension questions Quizzes Lab/Activity Questions VIDEO and Reading Homework Multiple Choice/Open Response Test Unit 7 Diversity of Living Things Timeline Big Idea Objectives Review Concepts Scope and Sequence March 16 – May 21, 2015 Diversity and Unity 1. Explain how organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships 2. List each of the major levels in the hierarchy of taxa: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species 3. Explain the binomial nomenclature system 4. Construct and use a dichotomous taxonomic key 5. Distinguish between and among viruses, bacteria, and protists, and give examples of each 6. Explain classification criteria for fungi, plants, and animals 7. Describe the basic mechanisms of plant processes, especially movement of materials and plant reproduction 8. Explain the functions of unique plant structures, including the cell wall, chloroplasts, and critical parts of the flower and the seed 9. Compare the major divisions of animals 10. Identify major types of animal cells and tissues 11. Describe the major components and functions of physiological systems, including skeletal, muscle, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, nervous, reproductive, and immune Plant vs Animal Cells Cell Structure Ch. 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Ch. 18 – Ch. 31 “Parade of Phyla” Class discussions, cooperative groups, internet search, assigned VIDEOS and readings Labs: Classification, Spark Regulation of Body Heat, protists lab, Instructional dissection, Activities: WebQuest Viruses and Bacteria, Animal Cells and tissues, Activities diversity presentations, human body systems, Plant diversity Differentiation: Current Science journal articles, Honors project writing and presenting experiments, extension questions Quizzes Lab/Activity Questions Assessment VIDEO and Reading Homework Multiple Choice/Open Response Test Meet Your Microbes http://www.ted.com/talks/jonathan_eisen_meet_your_microbes.html?utm_source=newsletter_we ekly_2012-07-12&utm_campaign=newsletter_weekly&utm_medium=email