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OPTION
1) What are the two types of signals? Draw there wave front?
ans. There are two types of signals.
(i)Analog signal
(ii)Digital signal
2) Basic difference between burglar alarm and fire alarm?
ans. The basic difference between a burglar and fire alarm is in the
sensing device. Fire alarm acts as fire sensor or smoke detector
process?
ans. The control system works similar to the work in living
organism to maintain temperature, fluid flow rate and similar
other biological function.
The two basic characteristics of control system are:
(i) In this process input gives indication of both the controlled
variable and its desired value expressed in the same unit.
(ii) The output signal represents the action to be taken when the
measured value of the controlled variable deviates from the
preset value.
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3) What are control systems? Write two basic characteristics of the
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4) Draw the block diagram
(i)
(ii)
Basic analog transmitter.
Practical AM transmitter.
ans. (i) Basic analog transmitter
(ii) Practical AM transmitter
communication. Describe ionosphere propagation with the help of a
diagram?
OR
Describe the main features of five layer of earth atmosphere
which are considered to play an important role in space
communication?
Ans. five layers of atmosphere are:(i) C-Layer
(ii) D-Layer
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5) Name five layers of atmosphere and role played by them in
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(iii) E-Layer
(iv) F1-Layer
(v) F2-Layer
(i)
C-Layer: - Frequency range is 3 kHz-300khz.It is used for
the direct long range communication.
(ii) D- Layer: - low frequency range, 300khz.80km above the
surface of the earth.
(iii) E-Layer: - Height is about 110km above the surface of
the earth.
(iv) F1-Layer:-Height is about 180km above the earth
surface.
(v) F2-Layer:-Height is about 300km above the earth
surface.
ans. Modulation
Low frequency signal can’t be transmitted to long distance then
low of frequency signals are located on a high frequency signal this
process is called modulation.
Demodulation
It is the reverse process of modulation.
Input
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 What is modulation and demodulation? With the help of the
circuit diagram. Describe the causes of demodulation .Draw the
curve to show (a) Input modulate wave (b)output modulated
wave.
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Output
6) What is inverter? Write the help of a block diagram explain its
Working principle
The battery of an inverter is charged by mains. The
output of battery is led to the inverted circuit
Through switching S-S1 .The output of the inverter, is connected to
the electric supply line. In the events of mains power failure, the
inverter circuit may be automatically switched on by automatic
change over circuit a and 220V,50HZ and 220V,50Hz supply beings
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working principle and give its application?
OR
Draw a block diagram of an inverter labeling its various part?
ans. Inverter
It is essential convert DC power to square wave AC
power. An inverter supplies power, when main line fails.
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to flow again in to the home appliance ,however it is advisable not
to keep it in the automatic made to guard against overload the
likely damage.
Its application is:Inverter is used in home, school, office etc…………
7) What is UPS? How is it different from an inverter?
ans. UPS is required for computers and computer controlled systems
like local area network for fault free power supply.
The switch over time of UPS is much smaller than that of an inverter.
The UPS gives the desired sine output wave.
8) What are two basic components of communication system? Draw
block diagram of schematic arrangement for the communication?
ans. Transmitter, Receiver, channel or signal
9) Describe the process (i) sky wave propagation (ii) space wave
ans. (i) sky wave propagation:-Frequency rate is above 10 mega
heads
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propagation (iii) Ground wave propagation
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(ii)Space wave propagation:- frequency range is 30mhz-300mhz
(iii)Ground wave propagation:-Frequency range is 300 kHz-3 MHz
What are the two types of control system? Explain each?
Physics Option
ans. (i) Open loop: - Here output has no effects on control system.
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(ii)Closed loop:-First compares the output with the reference
and accurately controls the desired parameter by changing the
input accordingly.
10) How does the mutually supporting role of electric and magnetic field
result in the propagation of electromagnetic wave. Briefly contribution
of Indian physicist Jagadeesh Chandra Bose in the field of
electromagnetic waves?
ans;- An electric field varying in time produce a space time varying
magnetic field which, intern, produces electric field. This mutually
supporting role result in propagation of electro magnetic waves
according to e.m laws the pictorial representation of a plane e.m
waves
In 1895 Indian physicist Jagadeesh Chandra Bose produces waves
of wavelength in the range 25mm to 5m and demonstrates the
possibility of radio transmission.
modulation?
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11) What is modulation why it is necessary need name the 4 method of
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ans;- The process of processing signal to make it suitable for
transmission is called modulation
A sinusoidal wave is characterized by amplitude frequency and
phase. It is possible to modulate (i.e modified) either of this physical
parameter this is known as analog modulation. There are different
types of modulation
(i)
Amplitude modulation (A M)
(ii)
Frequency modulation (F M)
(iii)
Phase modulation (P M)
(iv)
Pulse code modulation (P C M)
12) Function of circuit breaker?
ans;- The function of a circuit breaker is to cut off the circuit
whenever the current jumps above a safe level.
13) What are the applications of timer?
ans;- A timer sets the duration at which some operation can be
14) Define photo electric effect?
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performed eg: alarm clock
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ans;- a suitable frequency strike a metallic surface electrons is called
photo electrons and this process is known as photo electric effect
15) What is work function?
ans;- a minimum energy required by an electron. The electron is
emitted. The minimum energy is called work function
16) What is threshold frequency?
ans;- a minimum frequency required by an electron. The electrons
are emitted. The minimum frequency is called threshold frequency
17) Derive Einstein photo electric equation?
ans;- according to Einstein
Energy = work+ K.E
h𝜇 = h𝜇0 + 12mv2
1
mv2 = h𝜇 –h𝜇 0
2
1
mv2=h(𝜇-𝜇 0)
2
18) Application of de Broglie wave equation?
ans;- (i) Electron microscope
(III)Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
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(.ii) optical microscope
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h =Plack’s
constant(6.626x10-34
m = mass
19) de Broglie wave equation?
ans;- 𝜆 =
ℎ
v = Velocity
𝑚𝑣
𝜆 = 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
20) Define Optical fibre.
Ans. Total internal reflection of the main principle for optical fibre.
Optical fibre is a glass fibre and consist of core and cladding.
USES
Used for medical examination.
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Used for picture transmission.
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