Download The Making of Medieval Europe

PART
ERA 5
WORLD HISTORY
Increased Hemispheric Interaction
500ish - 1500
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
Growth of the Medieval Church
A. Why the Church? Under Rome, the church experienced
both persecution and acceptance. As the barbarians increased
their attacks on the empire, they faced unexpected opposition:
the church. When Attila the Hun approached the city of Rome in
452, he accepted the appeals of Pope Leo I to spare the city; he
retreated. The church proved to be the one stable institution
after the fall of Rome.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe Growth of the Medieval Church
B. Who is the Church? The church hierarchy developed
distinct roles for believers.
1. Specifically, a church represents a local assembly of
believers; generally, the church represents a spiritual body
of believers everywhere—a universal assembly—
united by faith: the catholic church. The people form of
this church form the laity.
2. Official church workers dedicate their lives in service to
the church; they form the clergy.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe Growth of the Medieval Church
a. The bishop of Rome, presiding over the largest and
wealthiest city in the empire became known as the pope
(“father”, “protector”).
b. Beneath the pope serve cardinals, archbishops, bishops,
priests, and nuns—as well as others. Each have different
roles in the church: some serve as leaders of local
congregations; some went to foreign lands as
missionaries to convert non-Christians; some secluded
themselves as monks, living apart from society in selfdenial and study (called monasticism).
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe Growth of the Medieval Church
C. What does the Church Believe? Church doctrine (official
statements of belief) came from a mixture of the teachings
of Jesus, the writings of the saints, and tradition. The
sacraments (sacred acts performed to bring grace) of the
Roman Catholic Church include
1. Baptism to wash away original sin
2. Confirmation to grant church membership and establish
fellowship
3. Penance to forgive sin
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe Growth of the Medieval Church
4. Communion (Holy Eucharist) to remember the
Lord’s crucifixion
5. Extreme Unction (Last Rites) to remove
unconfessed sin prior to death
6. Holy Matrimony to sanctify marriage
7. Holy Orders to identify service to the Church
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
A New Western Empire
A. The Kingdom of the Franks
1. Germanic tribes of northern Europe warred amongst
themselves for generations.
One of them, the
Franks, became a
long-lasting empire
after Clovis defeated
rival tribes.
http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~emty/Germanic_Tribes.jpg
His conversion to Christianity brought support from Rome.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_drsACX1RqfU/TTe10K3RoHI/AAAAAAAAFgA/LXwniQriThI/s400/Baptism+of+King+Clovis+I.jpg
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe A New Western Empire
Consistent with
custom, his heirs
divided the
kingdom among
themselves upon his
death.
The Baptism of Clovis I, King of the Franks
2. The fracturing of the Frankish kingdom weakened the
power of the kings. The actual power behind the throne
was the “major domo” – the mayor of the palace who
managed the king’s household.
In 732, one of these de facto
rulers, Charles Martel, stopped
the advance of the Muslims into
Europe at the Battle of Tours.
His son, Pepin, successfully
appealed to the pope to be
named king. This strengthened
the relationship between the
political power of the king and
the spiritual power of the pope.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__hspjzfC024/SYy67R8_96I/AAAAAAAAA9c/aylUIXPMJU0/s400/Charles-Martel-the-Hammer-of-Gaul.jpg
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe A New Western Empire
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe A New Western Empire
B. The Carolingian Empire
1. Charlemagne (Charles the Great) assumed the
kingship following Pepin’s death. An aggressive
warrior, he strengthened the Frankish military and
expanded the empire to its greatest size.
http://www.knowledgequestmaps.com/images/CharlemagneTsm.jpg
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe A New Western Empire
He delegated authority to district nobles responsible for
managing the kingdom; he relied on missi dominici
(“messengers of the king”) to inspect their work. A patron
of learning, he revived classical studies, preserved the Latin
culture, and established monastic and palace schools.
2. Charlemagne’s reign represented the development of a
“new” civilization. The pope, the spiritual leader of
Western Christendom, crowned Charlemagne, a
German, as emperor of the Romans. This recognition of
authority raises the question of whose authority is
greater: the king/state or the pope/church.
3. Charlemagne’s success—no
surprise—was marred by the
division of his kingdom. His
grandsons fought each other for
control, eventually dividing the
realm into three kingdoms: the
West Frankish Kingdom will
become, over time, France; the
East Frankish Kingdom will
become, over time, Germany; the
Middle Frankish Kingdom will
become what the other two have
been fighting over since the split!
4. Invaders (Vikings from the north; Muslims from North Africa;
Magyars from the East) threatened the quarrelling kingdoms
and hastened their decline.
http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_08_188.gif
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe A New Western Empire
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe The Feudal System
Feudalism: political system in which lords granted land to
vassals in return for a pledge of military service
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe The Feudal System
Manorialism: economic
system in which lords
granted land to vassals in
exchange for money, crops,
and services
http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/medieval_manor.gif
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe The Feudal System
LORD
landholding noble
VASSAL
servant indebted to
a lord
INVESTITURE
symbolic of granting
authority or power
FIEF
land grant from the lord
to the vassal
HOMAGE
obligation of service and
respect of a vassal to a
lord
OATH OF FEALTY
pledge of
faithfulness to a lord
AIDS
Financial payments made by vassals to their lords
http://imgc.artprintimages.com/images/art-print/knight-swears-an-oath-of-fealty-kneeling-before-his-liege-lord_i-G-17-1744-Y7L3D00Z.jpg
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe The Feudal System
“I promise on my faith that I will in the future be faithful to the
lord, never cause him harm and will observe my homage to him
completely against all persons in good faith and without deceit.”
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe The Feudal System
MANOR
Self-contained farming
community controlled by a lord
and worked by peasants
DEMESNE
land reserved for the lord
SERF
peasant farmer
GLEBE
lands reserved to support the
church
FREEMAN
officials and skilled laborers
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe The Feudal System
PAGE
SQUIRE
KNIGHT
• Age 7 to mid teens
• Academic and physical training
• Odd jobs around the major and/or castle
• Mid-teens to 21
• Personal servant of a knight
• Continuation of training
• Adulthood
• “Dubbed” after completion of training or heroism in battle
• Full service to lord
CHIVALRY
a noble’s Medieval code of ethics
of loyalty, honor and courtesy; a
knight pledged service…
http://i783.photobucket.com/albums/yy111/dirkhandlebar/14thcenturyminiatureshowingPopeLeoIIIcrowningCharlemagne.jpg
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe The Feudal System
…to His Lord
The knight was a soldier.
Loyalty to his lord was
essential in a feudal society,
and a central element of
chivalry
…to the church
The Roman Catholic church was
a major influence on life in the
Middle Ages. Rigorous
observance of Church doctrine
was expected although Church
practices varied across the
continent
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe The Feudal System
…to Women
Knights were expected to be
honorable in their dealing with
noblewomen. In time, a romantic
idea developed: a knight was
supposed to pledge his devotion and
service to a noble lady, who might be
married to someone else.
http://abiblicalmarriage.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Heraldic-Chivalry-Mucha-L.jpg
…to the Weak
Ideally, a knight would be
expected to use his military skill
and social standing to protect the
most vulnerable people in society
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Emergence of Europe The Making of Medieval Europe The Feudal System
http://users.sisna.com/clarmst/webquest/kidcastle1.jpg