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Name ______________________________ Date ____________________ Period _____ MEDIEVAL EUROPE UNIT 2, SECTION 5 I. SECTION OVERVIEW -The ________ Ages (medieval period) lasted from about 500-mid-1400s. -The fall of ________ left Western Europe without any unifying government. -_______________ and _______________ emerged, in which power was with the _________ lords and not the central government. -The ______________ Church emerged as a unifying force and had great influence over ____________ and ________ life. II. KEY THEMES, CONCEPTS, PEOPLE, AND TERMS 1. Medieval- _____________________________________________ 2. Charlemagne- __________________________________________ 3. Chivalry- _____________________________________________ 4. Manorialism- __________________________________________ 5. Serf- _________________________________________________ 6. Secular- ______________________________________________ 7. Excommunicate- _______________________________________ 8. Pope Innocent III- ______________________________________ 9. Monastery- ____________________________________________ 10. Anti-Semitism- _________________________________________ 11. Gothic- _______________________________________________ III. GEOGRAPHIC SETTING A. Location B. Resources 1. FORESTS AND FERTILE SOIL—Europe has many valuable resources, including dense forests, with valuable ________ and areas with fertile soil suited for raising crops. 2. SEAS AND RIVERS—The ______ and _______ that surround Europe were also important resources, such as fishing, trade and transportation. IV. THE FRANKISH EMPIRE A. The Rise of the Franks 1. 400-700, warrior tribes divided Europe and fought for control of various territories. 2. The ______ emerged as the most powerful and successful tribe. 3. 400s—________ became king of the ________, he is best known for his conversion to ____________________ (this gave him an ally in the Christian Church). B. Battle of Tours 1. __________ moved into Spain. They tried to advance into ____________. 2. 732—The Battle of ________—the _______ defeated a Muslim army. This stopped the Muslim advance into Western Europe. C. Charlemagne 1. 800s—Charlemagne, a Frankish king, built an empire that stretched across modern-day _______, Germany and part of Italy. a. Answer the question on page 91 “Preparing for the Regents.” 1. ___________________ ___________________ 2. ___________________ ___________________ 2. COOPERATION WITH THE CHURCH—800, Pope Leo III called for help against rebellious nobles in Rome. __________ helped to defeated them. a. To show his thanks on 12-25-800 _______________ was crowned “________________________”—the created the Holy Roman Empire. b. This helped revive the ideal of a united ___________church and empire. 3. GOVERNMENT—he appointed ________ to rule local areas, gave them land, in return to help with the ____________ of the empire. 4. LEARNING—He encouraged ____________. He also set up _____________ where scholars copied __________ texts, including the ________, written in _________. a. ________ TRUE OR FALSE. Latin was the official language of the Roman Catholic Church. 5. END OF CHARLEMAGNE”S REIGN—he died in 814, the empire quickly fell apart. He had a lasting influence of a _________ government served as a model for future medieval rulers. V. FEUDALISM AND MANORIALISM A. Medieval Society 1. Everyone has a well-defined place in medieval society. 2. There was little chance of __________ up in class. 3. The elite class of _________ controlled the _______ and ________. B. Feudalism 1. FEUDAL RESPONSIBILITIES a. ____________ was a ___________ structured political system in which powerful ________ owned large sections of land. (It is a _______ central government). 2. KNIGHTHOOD a. Many ______ trained to be knights due to continual warfare. b. They were bound by a code of conduct called ___________, in which they had to be ________, ________, and true to their word. 3. ROLE OF NOBLEWOMEN a. Women played an ________ role—she was responsible for all household affairs, including raising of the children. C. Manorialism 1. The basis for the medieval economy was ______________, an economic system structured around a lord’s ________. 2. PEASANTS AND LORDS—most __________ who lived on the estate were ________ (they were not _______, but were bound to the ________). 3. MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITIES—_______ farmed the lord’s land and did other work; in return the lord gave them use of several acres of land to _______. 4. HARSH LIFE FOR PEASANTS—it was difficult. They worked long hours; few lived past the age of ____. They were held together by ________________. VI. THE CHURCH IN MEDIEVAL LIFE -During the Middle Ages two churches emerged—the __________ Orthodox and the _________ Catholic. -The ____________________ Church provided religious leadership as well as ________. It also revived and preserved _____________. A. Church Hierarchy 1. The head of the Church was the ________. 2. For peasants and town dwellers, ____________ life was closely tied to local priests and the village church. B. Spiritual Role of the Church 1. The main responsibility of the Church was to __________ the spiritual needs of medieval society. C. Secular Role of the Church 1. ECONOMIC POWER—The Church was the largest ________ in Europe, meaning it had great economic power. The Church also gained wealth through the _________, Church tax. 2. POLITICAL POWER—The Church had its own set of laws, called _________ law. The Church claimed authority over __________ rulers. However, this did not always occur leading to frequent _________ struggles between the _______ in Rome and various _________ and emperors. a. Sometimes the _______ would _____________ (throw out) kings who challenged papal power. (ex. Pope _______ III). D. Monastic Orders 1. Some men and women became monks or nuns, leaving ______ possessions and devoting themselves to ______. 2. They took vows of __________ and _____________ and _____________. 3. They also helped fill social needs of tending to the _______, helping the poor, and ____________ children. 4. CENTERS OF LEARNING—they preserved __________ writings by copying ancient texts. 5. MISSIONARY WORK—some risked their lives to _______ the message of _______________. E. Women and the Church 1. The Church taught that women and men were _______ in the sight of _______. 2. On Earth, however, _________ were supposed to be subservient (serve) to _______. VII. JEWS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE -Jews in ________ Spain and northern areas of Europe were _______ -Most ______________ persecuted Jews. The Church said that Jews could not own ________ or do certain jobs. -Many Christians still blamed Jews for the death of ___________. -This led to the foundations of __________________, which is ________________________. -This eventually led many Jews to migrate to __________ Europe. VIII. MEDIEVAL CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS -Early medieval times saw ______ cultural achievement because most people were concerned with ______________ themselves. -Toward the end of the _________ Ages society became more ______ and made cultural gains in Literature, Art, and Architecture. A. Literature 1. The language of the scholars was __________, but at this point new stories and writings began to appear in _____________ languages of the people (this is vernacular). 2. Stories included the works of _______and lords. 3. Examples included works by __________ and ____________. B. Architecture and Art 1. It focused on _____________ God. Almost all artistic achievements were a reflection of the power of the _________. 2. Due to increased ________ more _________ and townspeople began contributing to art and architecture. 3. ROMAN INFLUENCES—1000—towns began building _____ that reflected the influence of ________ (with _______ supporting walls and ________ and small slits for windows). 4. THE GOTHIC TRADITION—1100---much different than _________ style in that they seemed to soar ___________. -It was characterized by __________ arches and ___________ buttresses, stone supports that stood outside the building. This allowed for huge ____________ windows (which often showed biblical stories designed to ___________ the illiterate people of medieval Europe). MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: Page 101-105 7. ____ 8. ____ 9. ____ 10. ____ 11. ____ 12. ____ 13. ____