Download Taxonomy Review Answers

Taxonomy Review Answers
1. Who was Carrolus Linnaeus?
He was the father of modern taxonomy; developed the system of classification used today & binomial
nomenclature.
2. Name the eight levels of taxonomy in order.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
3. What language is used for taxonomy? Why?
Latin; it doesn’t change; it’s traditional; there is no need to rename things
4. What three things do we use to classify organisms?
Physical and biochemical similarities; genetic similarities, embryonic similarities, behavioral similarities
5. How do you write a scientific name?
Use genus & species names; capitalize genus, but not species; underline or use italics
6. Name the six kingdoms that are used for classification.
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
7. What are the two major divisions of plants? Flowering and non-flowering
Vascular- have transport tissues=> 2 kinds of vascular, seed forming=> 2 kinds of seed forming, flowering
Nonvascular don’t
spore forming
nonflowering
8. What kind of growing conditions do the mosses prefer?
Mosses prefer damp areas and need water to survive and for fertilization to occur.
9. Mosses and liverworts have no true ___roots__, _stems_, or ___leaves_______.
10. They also have no _______vascular_________ tissue.
11. Mosses and liverworts live in moist_conditions and reproduce by __alternation of generations__.
12. Ferns do have true ___roots__, _stems_, and ___leaves______ and vascular tissue.
13. Ferns reproduce by __spores____ and prefer to live in ____damp places_____.
14. Gymnosperms reproduce by _____seeds________, but put them in a cone.
15. Gymnosperms have ____needle-shaped leaves to reduce ____water___ loss.
16. Define
a. Xylem- vascular tissue, carries water, heavy walled cells form tubes, dead at maturity
b. Phloem- vascular tissue, carries food, has very little cytoplasm or organelles in it, companion cells run the sive
tube element cells, living at maturity
17. Angiosperms use __flowers_____ and produce seeds that are inside a ___fruit____.
18. What are three reasons why we don’t use common names for organisms?
Misleading- the name may not mean what you think it means; ex. a starfish is not a fish
Confusing- one organism may have several different common names
Several different organisms may have the same common name
19. Why do we use scientific names? There is only one scientific name per organism. It describes the
distribution or appearance of the organism
20. What is a species? A group of individuals individuals that can (or could) interbreed ans are
reproductively isolated from other such groups.
21. How do we classify protozoans?
By method of acquiring food and locomotion
22. Name and describe three protozoans.
Ameba- heterotroph, moves by pseudopod; no set shape
Euglena- autotroph and heterotroph; moves by flagellum; rigid, longish shape
Paramecium- heterotroph, moves by cilia, slipper shaped
23. Define:
a. Hierarchy- an ordered list- like the one used to classify organisms (Domain, Kingdom, etc.)
b. Taxon- a group for example, a Kingdom or genus
c. Dichotomous key- a series of paired questions used to identify something
d. Taxonomist- one who classifies organisms into groups
24. What might happen if each scientist categorized and named living things on his/her own?
There would be the same sort of misunderstanding and confusion as we see now with common names.
25. Define:
a. Trophism- a plant’s response to various stimuli
b. Phototrophism- plant’s response to light; plants turn leaves toward light source, grow toward it.
c. Thigmotrophism- plant response to touch; tendrils curl around stakes, leaves and flowers may close
d. Hydrotrophism- response to water; plant roots grow toward or away from it
e. Gravitrophism (geotrophism)- response to gravity; shoots grow away from pull of gravity, roots grow
toward it.
26. Fill in the table below:
Organism
Prokaryote or
Eukaryote
Uni or
multicellular
Reproduction
Nutrition
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
27. Define: Hybrid- offspring of a cross between two species, usually sterile
Reproductive isolation- something prevents two species from breeding each other; If they do breed
offspring are sterile or born dead.
28. Fungi are __Eukaryotic. They are made of _hyphae____, and many hyphae massed together make up the
mycelium__________. Fungi have no true _root______, ______stem____,
or ____________leaves_________. Fungi get food because they are _____saprophytic__
(they eat dead things), or ____parasitic_________ (they eat living things). Fungi
reproduce by forming ____spores_______.
29. Define the following.
Vertebrate- an animal that has a backbone
Invertebrate- an animal that does not have a backbone
30. Give the characteristics of a fish using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart- 2 chambered
What is the body covering? Covered with wet scales covered in slime
How do fish breathe? Through gills
Type of fertilization? external
Do they lay eggs? yes
31. Give the characteristics of an amphibian using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart- 3 chambered heart
What is the body covering? Smooth, moist skin
How do amphibians breathe? By gills when they are tadpoles: later as adults, by lungs & skin
Type of fertilization? External
Do they lay eggs? yes
Where do they live? On both land an water- they need both
Other interesting facts? No claws on toes
32. Give the characteristics of a reptile using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart- 3 to 3 ½ chambers
What is the body covering?- hard dry scales
How do reptiles breathe? By lungs
Type of fertilization? internal
Do they lay eggs? Yes, eggs with leathery shells
Where do they live? On land
Other interesting facts? Claws on toes
33. Give the characteristics of a bird using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart- 4 chambered
What is the body covering? Feathers except for the lower legs which have scales on the legs
How do birds breathe? By gills and air sacs
Type of fertilization? internal
Do they lay eggs? Yes, hard shelled eggs
Other interesting facts? Claws on toes, beaks for feeding
34. Give the characteristics of a mammal using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart 4 chambers
What is the body covering? Fur or hair
How do mammals breathe? By lungs
Type of fertilization? Internal
Do they lay eggs? No, they give birth to live young
Other interesting facts? They have mammary glands and feed their young with milk.