Download File - Mr. Cass`s Classes

Critical Thinking…
• List 3 reasons why a country would choose
to explore other lands.
• What do you believe fueled or influenced the
age of exploration during the 15th and 16th
centuries?
Chapter 19
Section 1
Mr. Cass
An Age of Exploration and
Isolation
1400-1800
Factors Influencing Exploration
• Primary factor: Economics
– Control of trade with Asian countries
– Desire to grow rich with new sources of wealth
• Other factors:
– Spirit of Adventure (Renaissance)
– Population growth (post Renaissance/Plague)
– Silk and spices
– Advancements in sailing technology
– Rise of power: Spain and Portugal
– Spread Christianity
– God, Glory, and Gold
Christianity
• Crusades a bitter pill
– Hostility between Christians and Muslims
• European’s desire for conversion
– Universalizing religions: religions that actively
seek converts
– Three main universalizing religions: Christianity,
Islam, and Buddhism.
Trade
• Crusades (war b/t Muslims
and Christians)
– Europeans introduced to
Asia
– Demand for Asian goods
by Europeans rise
• Italian advantage: geography
• Muslims and Italians control
trade b/t East and West
– Supply and demand
– Buy low sell high
– Italians purchase from
Muslims and re-sell to
Europe at higher price
Piece of the Pie
• European merchants from:
– England, Spain, Portugal,
Netherlands, and France
• Bypass the middle man –
Italians
• New sea route to Asia needed
• Africa
– Most direct water route to
Asia went around Africa
• By water: Spain to India –
14,000 miles
• By land: 5,000
Technology
• Main European navigational
problems:
– European ships and wind issues
• Technological Solutions:
– The Caravel: Portugal: light,
small (65 ft.) and highly
maneuverable
– Triangular sails: from Arabs
– Navigational tools from
Muslims:
• Astrolabe calculating
latitude (north/south of
equator)
• Compass: from China
Portugal
• Leads way in sailing innovation
• Geography: Location
– First to establish trade along
African coast
• Strong government support
aided exploration
– King Henry
• Navigational School
– Conquered Muslims and
experienced Asia’s culture
• Bartolomeu Dias reaches tip of
southern Africa (1488)
• Vasco de Gama reaches
Calicut, India – 28,000 miles
(1498)
Spain
• Christopher Columbus sails west
to reach Asia (1492)
– Reaches Caribbean instead
• Opens way for colonization of
Americas
• Columbus’s impact: increases
tension b/t Spain and Portugal
– Confusion over his voyage
(Did he reach Asia?)
• Pope to the rescue
– Treaty of Tordesillas:
Imaginary line (Line of
Demarcation) drawn through
Atlantic
– All lands to the west of line =
Spain
– All lands to the east of line =
Portugal
– Portugal’s complaint with line:
line moved further west
Portugal’s Trading Empire
• Violent conflict
– Establishment of trading
outposts lead to fighting
indigenous people
• Portuguese take control of
Muslim spice trade
– Defeat Muslim fleet with
use of cannons
– Take control of Straits of
Hormuz
– Connects Persian Gulf
and Arabian Sea and
stops Muslim trade route
Portugal Empire cont…
• Capture Goa,
India (west coast)
– Becomes capital
of empire in East
Indies
• Indonesia
– Capture Strait of
Malacca and
control of the
Moluccas
– Spice Islands
under Portuguese
control
English and Dutch
• By 1600 Dutch own largest fleet
• Dutch and English fleets erode Portugal’s hold
on Asia
• East India Trading Companies
– Established trading routes through Asia
– Dutch EITC was richer and thus drove out the English
• Dutch establish outposts on Java – Indonesia
– Seize Malacca and Spice Islands
• English focus: India
A New World
A New World cont…