Download European Exploration

European Exploration
Portugal
• Prince Henry- “The
Navigator”
• Created a school for
navigators (1419)
• To study techniques
• Details of voyages
• Create accurate maps
Portugal
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Africa in search of gold
By 1500 had control of gold in Europe
“Gold Coast”
Began slave trade
Portugal- 1st European nation that had
black slavery
• Every trip, further and further
Portugal
• Bartholomew Diaz
• Rounded Cape of
Good Hope (1487)
Portugal
• Vasco de GamaReached India
• Huge profits through
ginger, cinnamon and
Indian cloth
• Results in many
returns (13 ships)
Portugal
• Destroy Muslim shipping and gain control of
spice trade
• Naval dominance and set up ports in Goa
• Malacca– Crucial Position
– Destroyed Arab spice trade
– On way to Spice Islands
• "A strange way to bring Christianity to those who
were in darkness...while Buddha came to China
on white elephants, Christ was borne on cannon
balls."
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- Not enough power to colonize
Portugal
Spain
• Columbus
• Queen Isabella
financed
• Oct. 1492- Cuba and
Haiti
• Opportunity for
conquest and
exploitation
Spain
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Spanish Empire
Conquistadores – Spanish conquerors
Hernando Cortez overthrew Aztec Empire
Francisco Pizzaro took control of Incan
Empire
• Supposed to follow rules of Spain
– Ignored rules
– Used "Indians" for economics
– Forced labor, starvation, disease
Spain
Spain
• Amerigo Vespucci:
"Those new regions
which we found and
explored with the
fleet...we may rightly
call a New World.“
• Mundus Novus
Spain
• Magellan- sailed
around world
• Around Straight of
Magellan
• Died in Philippines
• Proved Americas
were separate
continents
Spain
• Empire profits from gold and silver
• Disease and warfare kills
• Sugar, cotton, and livestock emerge
(plantation system)
• Requires mass labor
England
• Sir Walter RaleighFirst English colony
– Roanoke Island
• Jamestown
– To look for gold
– Developed "Cash
Crop" (Tobacco)
England
• New EnglandPuritans
– Massachusetts Bay
• Why so many came
– Job opportunities
– Religious freedom
– Keep liberties they had
Dutch
• Settle in New Netherlands (Hudson River
area)
• Fur trade
• 1664- English seized New Netherlands
and renamed New York
French
• Establish Canada as colony
• Had some American possessions, but
ceded them to England
What about Asia? China…
• China – Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
– 7 Great Voyages – 1405
– Large – distances, fleet, ships
– 1421 – Did the Chinese discover America???
– 1433 – Withdrew into isolation – only gov’t
allowed contact with others
• China – Qing Dynasty – Manchus (16441912)
Japan…
• Embraced trade at first – Portugal and
other Christian missionaries
• 1639 – “Closed Country Policy”