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Name Date Class Content Vocabulary LESSON 2 Populations and Communities Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly replaces the underlined words from each sentence. NOTE: You may need to change a term to its plural form. biotic potential limiting factor carrying capacity niche habitat symbiotic relationship 1. Factors that can limit the growth of a population include water, space, and food. 2. A population never reaches its potential growth in perfect conditions with no limiting factors. 3. Instead, limiting factors cause a population to reach the largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time. 4. Mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are examples of different species living together in a close relationship over a long period of time. 5. Different species live in different physical places. 6. They also have differences in their particular ways of surviving and obtaining resources. 26 Interactions of Living Things Name Date Class Lesson Outline LESSON 2 Populations and Communities A. Populations 1. A(n) is all the members of one species that live in an area at one time. 2. The size of a population can increase or decrease in response to changes in abiotic or factors in the environment. 3. Populations can increase when individuals move into an area or when more individuals are . They can when individuals move away from an area or die. 4. Population describes the number of organisms in an area relative to the amount of space available. a. Limiting factors limit the of a population. One factor is the lack of sufficient such as water; some individuals cannot survive under these circumstances. b. Factors such as predation, competition, and disease are examples of . 5. . is the potential growth of a population if it could grow in perfect conditions with no limiting factors. 6. is the largest number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support over time. of an area determine the area’s carrying capacity. 7. The 8. occurs when a population becomes larger than the ability of the area to support it. B. Communities 1. Populations that live in the same area interact as a(n) 2. . in a community might compete for resources such as space. They might also compete directly as they hunt each other for food or hide from . C. Symbiotic Relationships 1. All the populations in a community share a(n) , the physical place where a population or an organism lives. Interactions of Living Things 27 Name Date Class Lesson Outline continued 2. A(n) is the unique way that an organism survives, obtains food and shelter, or avoids danger in its habitat. 3. A(n) occurs when two different species live together in a close relationship over a long period of time. a. is a symbiotic relationship in which two species in a community help each other. b. is a symbiotic relationship in which one species (the parasite) benefits while another (the host) is harmed. c. is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not helped or harmed. 28 Interactions of Living Things Name Date Class Content Practice A LESSON 2 Populations and Communities Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is used only once. biotic potential limiting factors population density carrying capacity mutualism population size commensalism niche resources 1. If a large number of eggs hatch, the habitat parasitism symbiotic of fish increases. 2. The number of organisms in a population relative to the amount of space available describes . 3. Factors that keep the growth of a population in check are called factors. 4. The potential growth of a population, if it could grow in perfect conditions with no limiting factors, is the population’s . 5. The largest number of individuals in one species that an ecosystem can support over time is the . 6. Populations interact and compete for , such as food, water, and living space. 7. All populations in a community share a , the physical place where a population or organism lives. 8. Each species in a community has a , which is its unique ways of surviving, obtaining food and shelter, and avoiding danger. 9. A relationship is a close relationship in which two different species live together in a close relationship over a long period of time. 10. A symbiotic relationship in which two species in a community help each other is called . 11. A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while another is harmed is called . 12. A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not helped or harmed is called 30 . Interactions of Living Things Name Date Class Content Practice B LESSON 2 Populations and Communities Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided. 1. When individuals in a population move away or die, the population size decreases. 2. Population density describes the number of organisms in the community relative to the amount of space available. 3. Water, food, competition, and disease are some of the capacity factors that can limit the growth of a population. 4. Biotic potential is the potential growth of a population if it could grow in perfect conditions with no limiting factors. 5. A population reaches its carrying capacity when it has the largest number of individuals of one speices that an ecosystem can support over time. 6. All the populations in a community share physical space, called a niche. 7. A habitat is the unique ways that an organism survives, obtains food and shelter, and avoids danger. 8. A symbiotic relationship is one in which two different species live together in a close relationship over a long period of time. 9. Leaf-cutter ants and a fungus benefit in a relationship called commensalism. 10. In a relationship called parasitism, mistletoe harms the tree from which it takes food and water. 11. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not affected. 12. Populations in an ecosystem interact and compete for resources. Interactions of Living Things 31 Name Date Class School to Home LESSON 2 Populations and Communities Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question. 1. Limiting factors restrict the size of populations. How would the amount of water and food in an area act as limiting factors? 2. A population’s density is the number of organisms in a population relative to the amount of space. How can population density be a limiting factor? 3. Populations and communities are parts of ecosystems. How are populations and communities related? 4. A symbiotic relationship occurs when two different species live together in a close relationship for a long time. What are three types of symbiotic relationships? What effect does each type of relationship have on the two species involved? 32 Interactions of Living Things Name Date Key Concept Builder Class LESSON 2 Populations and Communities Key Concept How do individuals and groups of organisms interact? Directions: Complete this table by writing what happens to the population size on the lines provided. Factor That Changes a Fish Population Does the population size increase, decrease, or stay the same? 1. Fish are eaten by other organisms. 2. Fish swim to another location. 3. A large number of fish eggs hatch. 4. Fish die. 5. Fish are added to the lake. 6. More food is available. Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 7. Explain what population density is in your own words. 8. Give an example of an area of your school that has a high population density and an area that has a low population density. Interactions of Living Things 33 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Populations and Communities Key Concept How do individuals and groups of organisms interact? Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided. Limiting Factors 1. What are limiting factors? 2. What are four specific resources that are limiting factors? 3. How do these resources limit a population’s growth? 4. What are three other limiting factors that are not resources? 5. What two limiting factors involve interactions with other populations in the community? Question Biotic Potential Carrying Capacity What is it? 6. 7. Does a population reach it? Explain why or why not. 8. 9. Can it change? Explain why or why not. 10. 11. 34 Interactions of Living Things Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Populations and Communities Key Concept What are some examples of symbiotic relationships? Directions: Complete this table by writing how populations might interact with other populations in a pond community. Populations in a Pond Community How They Interact with Other Populations 1. Cattails and other plants 2. Different populations of insects 3. Different populations of fish 4. A population of ducks 5. A population of turtles Directions: Fill in the chart to compare a habitat and a niche. Habitat Niche 6. What is it? 7. What is it? 8. In a community, which populations share the habitat? 9. In a community, which populations share a niche? Interactions of Living Things 35 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Populations and Communities Key Concept What are some examples of symbiotic relationships? Directions: Respond to the statement below. 1. Define symbiotic relationship. Directions: Complete this table by writing the definition and an example of each type of symbiotic relationship. 2. Mutualism Definition: Example: 3. Parasitism Definition: Example: 4. Commensalism Definition: Example: 36 Interactions of Living Things Lesson 2: Populations and Communities A. Populations 1. A(n) population is all the members of one species that live in an area at one time. 2. The size of a population can increase or decrease in response to changes in abiotic or biotic factors in the environment. 3. Populations can increase when individuals move into an area or when more individuals are born. They can decrease when individuals move away from an area or die. 4. Population density describes the number of organisms in an area relative to the amount of space available. a. Limiting factors limit the growth of a population. One factor is the lack of sufficient resources such as water; some individuals cannot survive under these circumstances. b. Factors such as predation, competition, and disease are examples of limiting factors. 5. Biotic potential is the potential growth of a population if it could grow in perfect conditions with no limiting factors. 6. Carrying capacity is the largest number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support over time. 7. The limiting factors of an area determine the area’s carrying capacity. 8. Overpopulation occurs when a population’s size becomes larger than the ability of the area to support it. B. Communities 1. Populations that live in the same area interact as a(n) community. 2. Populations in a community might compete for resources such as space. They might also compete directly as they hunt each other for food or hide from predators. C. Symbiotic Relationships 1. All the populations in a community share a(n) habitat, the physical place where a population or an organism lives. 2. A(n) niche is the unique way that an organism survives, obtains food and shelter, or avoids danger in its habitat. 3. A(n) symbiotic relationship occurs when two different species live together in a close relationship over a long period of time. a. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which two species in a community help each other. b. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species (the parasite) benefits while another (the host) is harmed. c. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not helped or harmed. Content Vocabulary (page 26) 1. Limiting factors 2. biotic potential 3. carrying capacity 4. symbiotic relationship 5. habitats 6. niches Content Practice A (page 30) 1. population size 2. population density 3. limiting factors 4. biotic potential 5. carrying capacity 6. resources 7. habitat 8. niche 9. symbiotic 10. mutualism 11. parasitism 12. commensalism Content Practice B (page 31) 1. T 2. F; population 3. F; limiting 4. T 5. T 6. F; habitat 7. F; niche 8. T 9. F; mutualism 10. T 11. F; commensalism 12. T School to Home (page 32) 1. A certain supply of water and food is needed to support each member of a population. Increasing the number of individuals in a population beyond a certain number would mean that some individuals would get less food than they need or none at all. As a result, some individuals would die. 2. When populations are too dense, some individuals discover that it is harder to get the resources they need to survive. 3. Communities are made up of many different populations. 4. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. In parasitism, one species (the parasite) benefits while the other species (the host) is harmed. In commensalism, one species is helped while the other is not helped or harmed. Key Concept Builder (page 33) 1. decrease 2. decrease 3. increase 4. decrease 5. increase 6. increase 7. Possible answer: Population density is the number of individuals in a certain amount of space. 8. Possible answer: The hallways have a high population density before classes begin. The principal’s office has a low population density. Key Concept Builder (page 34) 1. factors that can limit the growth of a population 2. food, water, space, shelter 3. Possible answer: If there are not enough resources, some individuals cannot survive, which limits the population’s growth. 4. predation, competition, disease, availability of nesting sites, parasitism 5. competition and predation 6. Biotic potential is the potential growth of a population if it could grow in perfect conditions with no limiting factors. 7. Carrying capacity is the largest number of individuals that can survive in an area over a long time. 8. No; Possible answer: Almost no population reaches its biotic potential because perfect conditions almost never exist. 9. Yes; Possible answer: Carrying capacity is based on the resources available and other limiting factors. 10. No; Possible answer: It is based on perfect conditions that do not exist and do not change. 11. Yes; Possible answer: It is based on limiting factors, which can change. If limiting factors change, carrying capacity changes. Key Concept Builder (page 35) 1. Possible answer: Plant populations might compete for space and light. Other populations eat the plants. 2. Possible answer: Insects might eat the plants or other populations of insects. They are eaten by fish, ducks, turtles, and other populations. 3. Possible answer: Different populations of fish might compete for food and space. They could eat plants, insect, or other fish. They could be eaten by other populations. 4. Possible answer: Ducks might eat plants and insects. 5. Possible answer: Turtles might eat fish, insects, and plants. 6. the physical place where a population or organism lives 7. the unique ways that an organism survives, obtains food and shelter, and avoids danger in its habitat 8. All the populations in the community share the habitat. 9. Organisms in the same population share a niche. Key Concept Builder (page 36) 1. a relationship in which two different species live together in a close relationship over a long period of time 2. a symbiotic relationship in which two species in a community benefit from the relationship; Possible answer: Leaf-cutter ants provide fungus with food and in turn use the fungus for food. 3. a symbiotic relationship in which one species (the parasite) benefits while another (the host) is harmed; Possible answer: Mistletoe grows in the branches of some trees and sends roots into the tree’s tissue to get food and water. The tree is weakened and eventually killed. 4. a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not helped or harmed; Possible answer: A plant produces cockleburs that stick to a passing animal. The plant benefits because its seeds are spread to a large area by the animal. The animal does not benefit and is not harmed.