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General Anatomical
Structures in Your Dog
Arranged as
• Sensory structures
• Vital organs
• Skeletal structures
NCRR
GK12
Each organized by
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Healthcare
• Diseases
Models provided by Banfield
photographs and descriptions
provided by http://peer.tamu.edu
College of Veterinary Medicine
Texas A & M University
EAR
Pinna (flap)
Vertical Canal
Temporalis
Muscle
Auricular
Cartilage
Ear Drum
Horizontal
Canal
Ossicles
Middle Ear
Cavity
Tympanic Bulla
EAR
EAR
• Thousands of tiny hairs inside your
pet’s ear vibrate when sound is
present. This allows for the sense
of hearing.
Sound causes the tympanic membrane in the
external ear canal to move inward and
outward. This causes the tiny bones in the
middle ear to vibrate. Movement of the oval
window generates pressure waves in the
inner ear. This causes microscopic hairs on
hair cells in the inner ear to bend. This
ultimately results in the auditory nerve
sending signals to the brain and thus, sound
is perceived.
EAR
• Ears must be kept clean to prevent
opportunistic diseases and hearing
loss.
EAR
• Ear mites and yeast infections are
common in our four-legged friends.
EYE
Ciliary body
Iris
Occular Muscle
Cornea
Retina
Lens
Optic
Disk
Pupil
Anterior
Chamber
Vitreous
Body
Blood Vessels
EYE
Occular Muscles
The cornea and lens focus light
on the retina. The rods and
cones in the retina respond to
this light and ultimately signal
the ganglion cells to send
information via the optic nerve
to visual centers in the brain.
EYE
• Keep your pet’s eyes clean to
prevent infections.
– Trim the hair around your pet’s eyes.
– Make sure the corners of your pet’s
eyes are mucus-free.
– Apply protective ophthalmic ointment
before applying insecticides or
bathing.
EYE
• Cataracts occur when the lens
loses opacity. Light no longer is
transmitted to the retina correctly.
This leads to vision loss.
HAIR
Hair Shaft
Epidermis
Sebaceous
Gland
Flea
Sarcoptes
Mite
Demodex Mite
Hair
Follicle
Apocrine Sweat
Gland
Nerve
HAIR
HAIR
• Hair functions as a protective
layer, a warming layer and
sometimes (like whiskers) hair is
used to feel touch.
HAIR
• Your pet’s hair must be kept clean
just like yours. Tangles or mats in
your animal’s hair can lead to
infection of the skin below.
HAIR
• Demodex mites cause a condition
called mange as they eat your hair
at the base.
NAIL
Outer Nail
Quick
(Blood vessel & nerve)
Bone
NAIL
NAIL
• Nails are used for gripping, hunting
and fighting.
NAIL
• All pets, especially those who stay
indoors should have their nails
clipped regularly.
NAIL
• Nail cracking is common injury to
your pet’s nails, and it often occurs
when your pet’s nails get too long.
Cracked nailed are painful and can
lead to infection.
TEETH
Loss of
Enamel
Crown
Dentinal
Wall
Root
Pulp
Cavity
Periodontal
Disease
Neck
Root
Furcation
Root
Periodontal Apex
Space
Alveolar Nerve Root
Bone (jaw) Inflammation
Bone
Loss
TEETH
TEETH
• Teeth break down food into
digestible pieces.
TEETH
• Your pet’s teeth must be kept
clean (just like yours) to prevent
disease.
TEETH
• Periodontal disease is an infection
around the teeth which can cause
your animal’s teeth to fall out.
HEART
Aorta
Pulmonery Artery
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Tricuspid
Valve
Right Ventricle
Heartworms
Mitral
Valve
Left
Ventricle
Interventricular
Septum
HEART
The heart is the most important
muscle in the body. The right
ventricle pumps blood to the
lungs. This oxygenated blood
then returns to the heart and
is then pumped by the left
ventricle pumps to the rest of
the body.
HEART
• To maintain a healthy heart your
pet (as well as you) must get
plenty of exercise.
HEART
• Heartworms come from
mosquitoes and they invade the
heart and can lead to heart failuire.
KIDNEY
Renal Vein
Renal Artery
Ureter
Renal Pelvis
Capsule
Cortex
Diseased
Tissue
Medulla
Healthy Tissue
Calix
KIDNEY
The kidney is one of
the most important
organs in the body.
Besides eliminating
waste products
from the body, the
kidneys regulate
water balance, the
composition of
blood, blood
pressure and blood
volume.
KIDNEY
• Be sure your pet is drinking plenty
of water and staying away from
toxic chemicals.
KIDNEY
• Kidney stones can occur when
there is too much minerals in your
pet’s diet.
HIPS
Femoral Neck
Acetabulum Rim
Greater
Trochanter
Femur
Femoral
Head
Dysplasia/Arthritis
HIPS
HIPS
HIPS
• The hip is a ball and socket joint
which aids in leg movement.
The hip is a ball and socket joint which
aids in leg movement. Bones serve as
a point of attachment for muscles and
thus provide animals with the ability to
move. In addition, bones serve as a
storehouse for calcium and a site for
producing red blood cells. Calcium is
essential for muscles and nerves to
function properly. Red blood cells are
required for transporting oxygen.
HIPS
• To decrease your pet’s
risk of developing arthritis:
– Make sure your pet is eating a wellbalanced diet
– Do not allow your pet to become
overweight
– Keep your pet warm
– Keep your pet from injury
– Make sure your pet gets plenty of
exercise
HIPS
• Arthritis occurs commonly in dogs
and horses. Bone rubbing against
bone leads to massive
inflammation.
KNEE
Patella
Femur
Medial
Meniscus
Cranial Cruciate
Ligament
Medial
Meniscus
Lateral Meniscus
Patellar
Ligament
Tibia
Lateral Collateral
Ligament
Fibula
KNEE
KNEE
KNEE
The knee is a
high-motion
high-stress joint
in an animal’s
leg. Joints
provide a means
for bending of
extremities and
also serve as a
means to
cushion the
forces between
bones.
KNEE
• Make sure your pet gets daily
exercise and maintains a healthy
weight to prevent damage to the
knee joint. Strengthening and
stretching muscles around the
knee joint will also help prevent
injury.
KNEE
• A cranial crutiate ligiment (CCL)
tear is a common injury. This
results in the joint being unstable.
SPINE
Spinal Nerve
Vertebra
Spinal Cord
Intervertebral Disk
Herniated Disc
SPINE
Herniated Disc
• The vertebra
provide protection
for the spinal cord.
Spinal nerves pass
between adjacent
vertebra. These
nerves send
signals from the
various parts of the
body to the brain
and also send
signals from the
brain to activate
muscles.
SPINE
• Make sure your pet
maintains a healthy body weight and
gets daily moderate exercise.
• Use a chest harness instead of
attaching a leash to a buckle collar
which can jerk the neck suddenly.
• Train your pet to avoid sudden
jerking movements that can stress
the spine (such as jumping off
furniture).
SPINE
• A herniated disc can put pressure
on your pet’s spinal cord. This can
lead to paralysis.
This has been
General Anatomical
Structures
in Your Dog
Models provided by Banfield
photographs and descriptions
provided by http://peer.tamu.edu
College of Veterinary Medicine
Texas A & M University
See http://peer.tamu.edu/vets.htm for
ready to use presentations for
veterinarians and follow-up lessons for
teachers to present in classrooms
http://peer.tamu.edu/VBB/AnimalResearch.asp
Find it on the web!
http://peer.tamu.edu/VBB/Summary.asp
or http://peer.tamu.edu/vets.htm