Download Study Guide for EMM unit Common Assessment Overall unit

Study Guide for EMM unit Common Assessment
Overall unit understandings and essential questions:
Changes take place because of the transfer of energy. Energy is transferred to matter through the action of forces.
Different forces are responsible for the transfer of the different forms of energy.How can energy be transferred from
one material to another? What happens to a material when energy is transferred to it?
5.2.6.C.1
Know this:
1. The flow of current in an electric circuit depends upon the components of the circuit and their arrangement,
such as in series or parallel. Electricity flowing through an electrical circuit produces magnetic effects in the
wires.
2. Changes take place because of the transfer of energy.
3. Energy is transferred to matter through the action of forces.
4. Different forces are responsible for the transfer of the different forms of energy.
Be able to answer these:


How can energy be transferred from one material to another?
What happens to a material when energy is transferred to it?
1. A wire between the battery and the light bulb was removed. What will happen to the light bulb after the
change? Explain your answer by answering the above 2 questions.
A.
It will go out.
B.
It will stay on.
C.
It will get brighter.
D.
It will start flashing.
2. The pictures below show a light bulb connected to a battery. Which bulb will light? Explain your answer by
answering the above 2 questions.
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.2.6.E.1
Know this: An object’s position can be described by locating the object relative to other objects or a background. The
description of an object’s motion from one observer’s view may be different from that reported from a different
observer’s view.
Be able to answer this:
3.
Tell how the truck can look as if it is standing still when it is really moving forward.
4.
Explain why astronauts on the International Space Station look down at NJ and observe that we are
rotating at a speed of almost 795 mph. Explain why you do not feel as though you are moving at all?
The picture above shows the positions of two runners at one-second intervals as they move from left to right.
5. For each runner, indicate whether the runner's speed seems to be constant, increasing, or decreasing.
6. Explain how you can tell this from the pictures
5.2.6.E.2
Know this: Magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces can act at a distance.
Be able to answer this:
The picture above shows Maria pushing magnet 1 toward magnet 2, which is lying on a smooth table.
7.
What will happen to magnet 2?
8. Why will this happen?
9. Magnets can be toys or tools to do work. Explain how two magnets react when placed near each other. In
your explanation, be sure to include the properties of magnets
5.2.6.E.3
Know this: Friction is a force that acts to slow or stop the motion of objects.
Be able to answer this:
10.
Two students played on a slide. Student 1 wore shorts, and Student 2 wore long pants. Which of these
explanations best identifies why Student 2 moved down the slide more smoothly than Student 1?
A.
less gravity
B.
less friction
C.
more weight
D.
more acceleration
Explain your choice
11.
To keep a heavy box sliding across a carpeted floor at constant speed, a person must continually exert a
force on the box. This force is used primarily to overcome which of the following forces?
A.
B.
C.
Air resistance
The weight of the box
The frictional force exerted by the floor on the box
D.
The gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the box
Explain your choice
12. A child at a playground slides down a slide on a windless day. Describe two forces that affect the motion of
the child as she moves down the slide.
5.2.8.C.2
Know this: How do we know that things have energy? Energy takes many forms. These forms can be grouped into
types of energy that are associated with the motion of mass (kinetic energy), and types of energy associated with the
position of mass and with energy fields (potential energy).
Energy is transferred from place to place.
Be able to answer this:
13. When toasting bread in an electric toaster (or roasted a chicken in a regular oven) identify what types of
energy are present before, during, and after the toasting (roasting) and explain where the energy forms are
coming from, where they went, and how they traveled.
5.2.8.D.1
Know this: When energy is transferred from one system to another, the quantity of energy before transfer equals the
quantity of energy after transfer. As an object falls, its potential energy decreases as its speed, and consequently its
kinetic energy, increases. While an object is falling, some of the object’s kinetic energy is transferred to the medium
through which it falls, setting the medium into motion and heating it.
Be able to answer this:
14. Which has more kinetic energy, a typical loaded large 18- wheel truck traveling at 5 mph (on average they
weigh 50,000 pounds) or a typical car traveling at 100 mph (on average they weigh 3000 pounds)? Explain
your reasoning. Which do you think will cause more damage if it, by accident, ran into a building located on
the side of the road?
15. Describe what happens to kinetic, and gravitational potential energy as a ball is thrown up in the air and lands on
the ground. Explain your thinking about what happens to kinetic and potential energy.
5.2.8.D.2
Know this: Nuclear reactions take place in the Sun. In plants, light energy from the Sun is transferred to oxygen and
carbon compounds, which in combination, have chemical potential energy (photosynthesis).
Be able to answer this:
16. Trace the transformations of energy from chemical potential energy in a your snack to the potential energy in a
rubber band stretched by the you to the gravitational potential energy of a large paper clip at the top of its
motion when launched by the stretched rubber band.
5.2.8.E.1
Know this: An object is in motion when its position is changing. The speed of an object is defined by how far it travels
divided by the amount of time it took to travel that far.
Be able to answer this:
17. While hanging out in the neighborhood you overhear some adults complaining about how fast the cars are
driving past the playground. The posted speed limit is 25 mph. Some of the adults plan to complain at the next
city council meeting. Based on past experience with the city council you know that they want data not
anecdotes before they consider taking any action. Describe a simple yet effective way to determine the speed of
the cars.
5.2.8.E.2
Know this: Forces have magnitude and direction. Forces can be added. The net force on an object is the sum of all the
forces acting on the object. An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in
motion at constant velocity will continue at the same velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
Be able to answer this:
18.
Which statement best explains why the speed of the car decreases when it reaches the flat surface?
A.
The force of gravity acting on the car increases.
B.
The force of gravity acting on the car decreases.
C.
The forces influencing the car are not balanced.
D.
The forces influencing the car are balanced.
Explain your answer
The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a
constant speed
19.
Which change best describes acceleration of a car?
A.
a change in the direction of the car
B.
a change in the distance the car travels
C.
the change in velocity divided by the time for that change
D.
the change in the time for the car to travel a distance
Explain your answer