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Terms/Main Ideas World Geography: Southwest Asia Test Review Describe, Define and Use in Context Physical Geography Regions North Africa Landlocked countries of SW Asia Benefit of sea access Importance of the Persian Gulf Nomad What region has the most oil? Dominate Physical Characteristic of SW Asia Major Natural Resources Desalination Irrigation Population Distribution Land Use Southwest Asia and North Africa More in common with Southwest Asia than with rest of Africa. Arab descent, dominant religion is Islam, most people speak Arabic Lack of sea access. Makes trade much harder. Puts countries like Afghanistan at a trade disadvantage. Access to Mediterranean & Red Seas gives Israel the ability to trade with Europe And East Asia. Afghanistan is landlocked – makes trade much more difficult Much of the world’s oil ships from here. Many pipelines end here and then oil is loaded on tankers People who raise livestock (cattle, goats, sheep) and are constantly on the move With their animals in search of fresh grass & water for their animals Southwest Asia has most oil resources in the world. It is the main (primary) source of income in the Middle East Southwest Asia has few rivers or lakes. Limits amount of fresh water available to people & agriculture Lots of oil. Little (not very much) fresh water Taking salt out of sea water. This source of fresh water adds to region’s small amount of river water (Giant sprinkler system) Technology that allows people to grow food In the desert. Makes the “desert bloom” Physical geography is mostly dry, arid desert. Therefore, most people live near sources of fresh water such as rivers. For example the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates Temperate grasslands and desert scrub only really allows for the herding of livestock. Religion Islam Muslim Mecca Muhammad Qur’an Judaism Monotheism Monotheistic (one God) religion. Began by Muhammad in Southwest Asia. All countries in SW Asia, except Israel, are Islamic What a follower of Islam is called. Most people in Central and Southwest Asia are Muslims. Islam is at the center of their lives and lifestyles. Holiest site in Islam. Muhammad’s birthplace. Located in Saudi Arabia. This is where Muslims try to go on pilgrimage at least once in lifetime Founder of Islam. From Mecca in modern day Saudi Arabia. Died in 632. Also called the “Prophet” Holy book of Islam. Laws in Islamic theocracies are based on the Qur’an. Those are called Sharia law. Oldest of three religions. Monotheistic. Began in Southwest Asia. Israel is a Jewish state – supported by the US & other western nations. The Western Wall in Jerusalem is holiest site. In conflict with Islam. Belief in only one god Jerusalem Important Holy city to all three religions. Both Palestinians and Israelis feel they have a claim to the city. Neither group wants to give up their claim (or control) of the city. Israel and Palestine Israel’s culture Palestinians’ culture Palestinian Refugees Nationalism “Western” nations stance on the conflict Religious Dispute Control of Jerusalem Settlements Israel believes the land was promised to them by God. Israel, because of their religion, has a different culture than the countries around it. Believe Israeli land belongs to them because they have lived there for a very long time. They believe Israel stole the land. Forced to flee (leave) Israel to live in Islamic countries because they are persecuted (treated badly). Most refugees live in Jordan. Desire of an ethnic group for independence and a country of their own The U.S. and Britain support Israel’s right to exist. They give Israel military Assistance and try to help Israel and its enemies come to peace agreements. Israel – Jewish Palestinians - Muslim Both Israel and Palestinians want control of Jerusalem. They do not want to Share with each other. Areas in the West Bank occupied by Jewish settlers. On Palestinian land that was Captured by the Israelis during war time. Oil OPEC What does OPEC control? Importance of oil Region with the most oil Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. OPEC tries to control world oil market & maximize prices (sell oil at the highest price possible) Oil is the main source of income ($$) for the economy in Southwest Asia. Southwest Asia has the largest oil reserves in the world US involvement Main Reason for US involvement in SW Asia Oil. The United States is dependent. We must buy oil from other countries. We need This region to be stable and to produce oil. Our economic health depends on it. the modern culture of western Europe and North America Western Culture Islamic Fundamentalism 9/11 Attacks Afghanistan Taliban Extreme view of Islam. Only a few Muslims are in this category. Believe countries should have laws based on the Qur’an and that women should be controlled by men. Taliban in Afghanistan is an example. Many terrorists, like those in Al Qaeda, are Islamic Fundamentalists Terrorist attack on US. Planned and funded by Osama Bin Laden and his Islamic Fundamentalist terrorists. US invaded Afghanistan after 9-11attack to try to get Osama Less developed (poor), landlocked Islamic country in Southwest Asia. Most people there are illiterate (can’t read). Was controlled by the Taliban. US fighting there. Islamic fundamentalists. Controlled Afghanistan from 1996-2001. Imposed strict laws based on the Qur’an (Sharia law). Men had to grow beards. Protected Osama bin Laden after 9-11. Militants are still fighting against US/NATO in Afghanistan today Osama Bin Laden & Al Qaeda War on Terror Gender Inequality Bin Laden was in Afghanistan when he planned 9-11 attacks. He was the leader Of Al Qaeda. Killed in Pakistan by US forces. Still going on even though bin Laden is dead. Fight has spread worldwide. Al Qaeda still exists and the U.S. is still a potential target of terrorist attacks. The difference in rights and opportunities between men and women. Can be a very large difference in some countries, like Afghanistan. Differences in education, ability to travel freely, and in clothing restrictions. The behavior and rights of women are Closely monitored in Islamic Fundamentalist countries, like Iran & Saudi Arabia. Nationalism Palestinians Kurds Live mainly in Israel. Different culture than Israelis. Want their own country and are fighting the Israelis to get one. Live mainly in northern Iraq and southern Turkey. Would like to take land from both and make their own country. Supported by US against ISIS Government Theocracy Monarchy Dictatorship Government led by religious leader. Iran is an Islamic theocracy – led by the Ayatollah. Laws based on the Qur’an (Islamic Holy book) Government controlled by a king. Saudi Arabia is one example. Government in which the leader gains control through military and uses the military to maintain control. Iraq under Saddam Hussein was an example.