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Gonorrhoea What is Gonorrhoea? It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Neisseria Gonorrhoea. How does one get Gonorrhoea? Sexual intercourse with an infected person (vaginal, anal or oral sex) Mother to child (during normal child birth) Casual social contact and toilet seats are not recognized modes of transmission Incubation Period Symptoms appear 2 to 7 days after infection What are the symptoms and signs? As with other sexually transmitted infections, there may be different presentations. An infected person may have no complains or present with the following symptoms: Males Urethral discharge: White or yellow (urethra = urinary canal) Females Vaginal discharge: Yellowish or Greenish (vaginal = birth canal) Burning pain or irritation when urination (dysuria) Dysuria Throat: May not cause any symptoms, or may cause a sore throat and rectal discharge Throat: May not cause any symptoms, or may cause a sore throat and rectal discharge Babies Conjunctivitis (infection the eyes) may lead blindness of to What are the long term complications? Males Spread of infection to the testis, seminal vesicles and prostate may lead to acute or chronic infection of these organs. Generalized spread of infection may involve the skin, joints and heart. Females Infertility Ectopic Pregnancy Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Generalized spread of infection may involve the skin, joints and heart. How is Gonorrhoea diagnosed? Smear test and culture from secretions of the infected parts (urethra, throat, rectum and cervix) Urine PCR for Gonorrhoea Blood tests do not help in diagnosis What is resistant Gonorrhoea? It is an infection caused by strains of bacteria which are able to resist conventional doses of antibiotics Some strains produce an enzyme called penicillinase that is capable of completely neutralizing penicillin Can Gonorrhoea be cured? Yes, if it is detected and treated in the early stages with appropriate antibiotics. What should I do? Seek treatment immediately from your doctor who will administer the appropriate antibiotics Refrain from sexual intercourse until your doctor has confirmed that you are cured Do not self medicate as this will suppress the signs of infection and lead to complications due to incomplete treatment Inform your doctor of any allergy Ensure that your sexual partner(s) come for a check-up so that he/she can be treated early if found to be infected Repeated infections can occur as there is no permanent immunity Why is it important to return for my follow up appointments? It is important to return for follow-up because symptoms that have resolved do not necessarily indicate the infection has been cured At DSC, patients will be given follow-up appointments as part of the management of the infection For Gonorrhoea infection, patients are to attend after 14 days from the treatment date for test of cure and assessment for post-Gonococcal Urethritis. A urethral smear and culture tests will be performed Male patients will have to hold urine for 4 hours before the test can be performed Male patients with throat and rectal Gonorrhoea and female patients do not have to hold urine Patients will also be given a 3rd month appointment for blood test to screen for syphilis DSC will contact patients who have missed their appointments, either by phone or letter as a gentle reminder Please inform the clinic if there is any change of phone number or address What is safer sex? This is sex without exchange of body fluids, e.g. vaginal secretions or semen Use condoms correctly and every time you have sex Do not consume alcohol before or during sex, this may impair your judgment