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The Human Body Chapter Eighteen: Human Body Systems • 18.1 Circulation and Respiration • 18.2 Other Organ Systems 18.2 The integumentary system • The integumentary system, or skin, has several functions: – Skin is the first line of defense for blocking moisture and invaders like bacteria. – Skin contains sweat glands that help regulate your body temperature. – Skin contains nerve endings that allow you to sense your environment through touch and pressure. 18.2 Skin • The epidermis is the thin, outer layer that you see. • The dermis lies underneath and is made of connective tissue and protein fibers. • The subcutaneous fat layer functions as insulation for your body. 18.2 The endocrine system • The endocrine system consists of a group of glands that produce hormones and release them into the blood. • The endocrine system controls a variety of important functions such as cell processes, reproduction, and response to stress. 18.2 Feedback control systems • Your body has feedback control systems that turn your endocrine glands on or off. • These systems control the levels of hormones in your blood much like a thermostat controls the temperature in your house. 18.2 Digestive system • The digestive system is a group of organs that takes in and digests food, and eliminates solid wastes. 18.2 Digestive system • Can you find these organs? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. rectum small intestine gall bladder liver stomach large intestine appendix pancreas esophagus 18.2 Excretory system • The excretory system is a group of organs that excrete chemical wastes. • These include water, carbon dioxide, salts, and urea—a by product of protein reactions. • Organs of the excretory system include the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin. 18.2 The male reproductive system • The male reproductive system produces sperm and transfers it to the female reproductive system. 18.2 The male reproductive system • The testes produce sperm and the male hormone, testosterone. • A hormone is a chemical that regulates body functions. 18.2 The female reproductive system • The female reproductive system produces eggs, ensures development of fertilized eggs, and gives birth. 18.2 The female reproductive system • The ovaries are about the size of a large olive. • Each ovary produce eggs, also called oocytes. Health Connection Skin Grafts • There are many types of burns, including those caused by fire, heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, and nuclear radiation. • Patients with severe burns are often treated with skin grafts. Activity Build a Lung Model • In this activity you will build a model of a single lung and see for yourself how breathing really works.