Download World War II

World War II
Chapter 14 and 15
Failures of Treaty of Versailles
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Peace did not bring prosperity
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Revolution and economic depression
Nationalism- pride in country
Failures
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Caused anger and resentment
Germany felt they were treated unfairly
Soviets upset that part of their land was carved
out
People turned to authoritarian leaders
Joseph Stalin and the Soviet
Union
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Civil War between the
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks led
to Soviet control.
After Lenin dies, fight for control
and Joseph Stalin wins.
Communist state
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Agricultural and Economic
growth, no privately owned
farms- use of collectives
Tried to make country an
industrial power with his five
year plans
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By 1937, they were number 2
Somewhere between 8-13
million Russians died because
of this
Totalitarian Government
Benito Mussolini in Italy
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Totalitarian regime
 Played on the fears of economic
collapse and communism in the
middle and upper class
 Fascist Party- stressed
nationalism and the interests of
the state over the individual
 Power in the hands of a
strong leader and a small
number of party officials
 October 1922 Mussolini marched
on Rome with his black shirts
and the king made him the head
of the government, Il Duce takes
power
Hitler in Germany
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National Socialist German Workers’ Party or the
NAZI’s, became his party’s leader and called himself
Der Fuhrer
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Jail time wrote Mein Kampf, fascist, extreme nationist.
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Called for uniting all German speaking people in a great
German empire
Racial purification
National expansion, needed lebensraum, or living space
Great Depression helped Nazi’s come to power
Hitler’s private army, the brown shirts (storm troopers)
January 1933 Hitler pronounced Chancellor and established
the Third Reich after dismissing the Weimar Republic
Hitler’s Youth
Japan
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Nationalistic military tries
to take over country
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They wanted more living
space
Launched an attack on
Manchuria, part of China in
1931
League of Nations
condemned them but did
nothing else
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Militarists in Japan come to
power
More Aggression
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In 1933 Hitler pulled out of the
League of nations and in 1935
started a build-up of Germany’s
army
1936 Hitler took the Rhineland,
and the League did nothing
Appeasement- giving into
demands to avoid a larger
conflict
Mussolini took Ethiopia, the
League boycotted Italy in 1936
Franco and Spain
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The military under Francisco
Franco rebelled against the
government.
Spanish Civil War
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3,000 Americans fought against
Franco in the Lincoln Battalion
Mussolini and Hitler supported
Franco
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Those two countries form the
Rome-Berlin Axis
500,000 dead but Franco wins in
1939 and sets up a Fascist
government
US Responds Cautiously to
Dictators
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Isolationism
Roosevelt promised to stay out of
world events
Good Neighbor Policy
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Gave economic aid to Latin America, new
trade agreements, respect internal affairs
of Latin America, nullified Platt
Amendment, withdrew marines from Haiti
Soviet Union
Neutrality Acts
Japan invades China
War in Europe
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Germany then sets its eyes on
Austria and easily combines with
it because the people support
unification in 1937
Hitler looked at Czechoslovakia
for more living space and natural
resources
 France and Britain promised
to protect Czechoslovakia
 However, the leaders, Neville
Chamberlain and Edouard
Daladier wanted to avoid war
and since Hitler promised no
war, they gave him the
Sudentenland in 1938, he
takes all of Czechoslovakia in
1939
Poland
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Hitler wants Poland
Signs Non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union
which divides Poland
Hitler blitzkriegs Poland
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France and Great Britain declare war on Germany 1939
French and British sit on the Maginot Line and Germany on
the Siegfried Line starting the Sitzkrieg
April 1940 Hitler attacks Norway, Netherlands,
Belgium , and Luxembourg
Stalin takes Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland
France
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Fall of France- Germans swiftly moved
through France trapping 400,000 soldiers at
Dunkirk. 330,000 made their way across the
channel anyway they could
Italy joined the war and also invaded France
June 22, 1940 France surrendered, Northern
France was controlled by the Nazi’s, and the
southern part was the Vichy government
under Marshall Philippe Petain.
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Charles De Gaulle fled to England and set up an
exile government-
Britain
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Battle of Britain-air and naval war after
defeating France. Luftwaffe bombed
British cities all day and night
The RAF fought back
After six weeks Hitler called the invasion
off
Bombing of major cities continued
America Moves Toward War
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1939 Congress passes
the Cash-and-Carry
provision
Neutrality Act of 1939
Tripartite Pact= Axis
Powers
Build up of US National
Defense
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First peacetime draft
1940 Election
Lend-Lease Act
Headed Toward War
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Germany breaks non-aggression
pact and invades the Soviet
Union
 We start Lend-Lease
agreement with the Soviets
German boats start sinking
supply ships
 Wolf packs
 FDR allowed warships to
attack in self-defense 1941
 Congress also allowed
merchant ships to be armed
FDR Prepares
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Atlantic Charter with
Winston Churchill
 Pledged collective
security,
disarmament, selfdetermination,
economic
cooperation, and
freedom of the seas
 Basis of United
Nations
Japan versus the US
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Hideki Tojo invaded China
 Invade Southeast Asia
 US cuts off trade and
begins an embargo on oil
 Tojo looks to war, promises
emperor peace
December 7, “a day that will live
in infamy”
 2403 Americans were killed
1,178 were wounded, 21
ships were sunk or damaged,
300 aircraft were damaged or
destroyed
 Declared War on December 8
War for the United States
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Battle of the Atlantic
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Hitler successful at first
Convoys
By 1943 the tide of the battle
had switched to the Allies
Battle of Stalingrad
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German took 9/10 of the city
until winter came
January 1943 Germany
surrenders
1,100,00 Soviets lost their lives
Turning point in Europe
North Africa Front
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Opened a second front to get the Germans away from the
Soviet Union
Operation Torch led by Dwight D. Eisenhower
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US landed in Casablanca, British started in Egypt
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Chased the Afrika Korps led by Erwin Rommel
May 1943 take back Africa
George Patton put in charge of North African forces
Invade Italy
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September 3, 1943 Italy surrendered
Mussolini out, Italy changes sides
Hitler sent in troops to stop invasion
Bloody Anzio
Italy not freed until 1945
Germany
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Allies started bombing Germany in 1942
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Saturation bombing- continuous bombing
Strategic bombing- destroy Germany’s
capacity to make war
Tuskegee Airman escorted bombers and
protected them
Successful, but with high losses.
War in the Pacific
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Japanese spread until they have a bigger empire than
Hitler
Philippines and MacArthur
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Doolittle’s Raid-nighttime bombing against Tokyo
Battle of Coral Sea- ended Japanese attack on New Guinea,
draw, 1942
Battle of Midway- US broke Japanese code
and new about planned attack. Admiral Chester
Nimitz prepared for attach. Turning point of the war
Battle of Guadalcanal- American on the offensive
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Bataan Death March- 76,000 Americans and Filipinos, 7,000 die
3 months of fighting
Battle of Leyte Gulf
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Kamikaze
Response
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16 million Americans will serve during the war
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Army, navy and marines all grew
Women’s Army Corps (WAC) provided clerical workers,
truck drivers, instructors, and lab technicians for the
army
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150,000 served, 57,000 nurses served in the Army Nurse
Corps
War Production Board oversaw the conversion of
peace time industry to war industry
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Allocated scarce materials, regulation production of
civilian goods, establish production contracts,
negotiate with labor, and control inflation
Home Front
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Jobs!!!!
Women in the workforceRosie the Riveter
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1/3rd of workforce
Jobs outside of traditional ones
Industry as well as clerical and
secretarial
Shift in population
Children
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Daycare centers
African Americans
Civil Rights Protests
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Jobs remained segregated
“Double V” Campaign
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Leader A. Phillip Randolph called for victory against
fascism and against discrimination at home
FDR feared a March on Washington so he issued
Executive Order 8802- fair hiring practices for any job
funded with government money and established the Fair
Employment Practices Committee to enforce it
Congress of Racial Equality founded in 1942 to
fight segregation with non violent measures
NAACP grew in membership
Workers on the Move and
Restrictions
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Wartime migration
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Rural population drain
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Bracero program brought Mexican laborers to work on
farms
Detroit race riots
Zoot Suit Riots
Germans, Italians and Japanese arrested
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FDR later removed the first two
Supporting the War Effort
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5% tax on all Americans
People bought war bonds
Office of Price Administration- authority to
control wages and set maximum prices
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Rationing
Office of War Information worked with the
media to support the war effort
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Hollywood got involved
Stereotyped the enemy
Japanese American
Internment
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1942 removal of 110,000
Japanese-Americans to
internment camps
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Nisei and Issei
Some went to war in
Europe
Korematsu v. United States
Japanese American Citizens
League 1965
Ronald Reagan and
restitution
Liberation of Europe
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Plan to invade France under
General Dwight D.
Eisenhower
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Planned attack at Normandy
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D-Day, Operation Overlord
June 6, 1944
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Fake plans to attack Calais
Amphibious assault
Patton and Bradley advance
France is liberated by
September 1944
Success in Europe
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Belgium and Luxembourg Freed
1944 Election year
October 1944 troops are in
Germany
 Battle of the Bulge
 Germans lose
April 25, 1945 Soviet troops are in
Berlin
 April 29, Hitler and wife kill
themselves while still blaming
the Jews
Eisenhower accepted unconditional
surrender
May 8 V-E Day
Roosevelt died before the end, April
12, 1945
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
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Iwo Jima
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Means sulfur island
Critical because had two runways that Japanese
used to attack
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20,700 Japanese protected it and were
underground
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Also we could use to attack Japan
6,000 Americans died, only 200 Japanese survived
Okinawa-April 1945
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1900 kamikaze attacks, sank 39 ships, damaged
300 more and killed 5,000 seamen
By the end on June 21, 1945 7600 Americans dead
and 110,000 Japanese
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Fear of invading actual Japan
Manhattan Project
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General Leslie Groves and J. Robert
Oppenheimer
Included 600,000 Americans
July 16, 1945 Alamogordo, New Mexico- first
bomb detonated
Truman’s debate
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Hiroshima August 6 the Enola Gay
Nagasaki August 9
V-J day August 15
September 2, 1945 Japan formally
surrenders to MacArthur on the
Missouri
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Holocaust
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Persecution of Jews
Anti-Semitism
Kristallnacht
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Attacked Jewish homes, businesses,
synagogues
Escape, not likely
The Final Solution
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Others in Hitler’s way
Holocaust
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Ghettos
Concentration
camps
Death camps
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Auschwitz, Dachau
“Scientific” testing
6 million dead