Download Module 19 ap questions

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19 3. After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same
time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates
when (AP94)
(A) The tone only is presented
(B) The food only is presented
(C) The food and tone are presented together
(D) A different tone is presented with the food
(E) A different kind of food is presented without a tone
19 16. If a man who is a heavy smoker is given an electric shock every time he takes a
puff on a cigarette, which of the following behavior-modification techniques is being
used? (AP94)
(A) Systematic desensitization
(B) Modeling
(C) Aversive conditioning
(D) Homogeneous reinforcement
(E) lnterlocking reinforcement
19 26. Because studies of learning show that events occurring close together in time are
easier to associate than those occurring at widely different times, parents should probably
avoid which of the following? (AP94)
(A) Corporal punishment
(B) Mild punishment
(C) Consistent punishment
(D) Inescapable punishment
(E) Delay of punishment
19 80. The technique of strengthening behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
is called (AP94)
(A) Positive reinforcement
(B) Negative reinforcement
(C) Distributed practice
(D) Modeling
(E) Shaping
19 96. Responses extinguish fastest when they are learned through which type of
reinforcement schedule? (AP94)
(A) Continuous
(B) Negative
(C) Variable-interval
(D) Variable-ratio
(E) Fixed-interval
19 12. Punishment is most effective in eliminating undesired behavior when the (AP99)
(A) Behavior is complex
(B) Behavior was very recently acquired
(C) Punishment is delivered soon after the behavior
(D) Punishment is delivered by someone with authority
(E) Punishment is both mental and physical
19 7. One major objection to the early Skinnerian approach to psychology is that it
(AP99)
(A) Did not take into account internal thoughts and feelings
(B) Did not take into account overt physical behaviors
(C) Did not take into account accumulated experiences
(D) Focused primarily on childhood experiences
(E) Focused primarily on the unconscious
19 39. John Garcia showed that when rats ingested a novel substance before becoming
nauseated from radiation of drugs, the acquired a (AP04)
(A)Conditioned taste preference for the substance
(B)Generalized taste preference for similar substances
(C)Conditioned taste aversion for the substance
(D)Conditioned taste aversion for any novel substance
(E)Conditioned taste preference for any novel substance
19 53. Research indicates that many animals are more likely to associate sickness with a
taste they experienced in conjunction with the illness than with a tone or light. This
finding supports which of the following claims (AP04)
(A)The tone or light must not have been appropriately paired with the onset of illness
(B)Illness is not necessarily punishing to subjects
(C)Animals may be biologically prepared to learn some things over other things
(D)Extrinsic reinforcers may be more effective than intrinsic reinforcers
(E)Positive reinforcers are more effective than punishers
19 65. Rats in an experiment learned to associate sweetened water with a drug that causes
immune suppression. Later, the sweetened water alone produced the immune
suppression. This outcome is an example of which of the following? (AP04)
(A)Learned helplessness
(B)Systematic desensitization
(C)Operant conditioning
(D)Classical conditioning
(E)Biofeedback
18 89. In operant conditioning, the concept of contingency is exemplified by an "if A,
then B" relationship in which A and B, respectively, represent (AP99)
(A) stimulus, response
(B) Response, reinforcement
(C) Stimulus, reinforcement
(D) Response, stimulus
(E) Stimulus, stimulus
19 60. Taking a painkiller to relieve a toothache is behavior learned through which of the
following processes? (AP99)
(A) Shaping
(B) Punishment
(C) Positive reinforcement
(D) Negative reinforcement
(E) Omission training
18 44. Studies of learning have shown that animals develop an aversion for tastes
associated with (AP99)
(A) electric shock
(B) Extinguished associations
(C) Sickness
(D) Novel stimuli
(E) Starvation
18 7. A two year old child is frightened by a small dog. A few weeks later the same child
sees a cat and becomes frightened. The child’s reaction is most likely an example of
which of the following? (AP04)
(A)Stimulus discrimination
(B)Second-order conditioning
(C)Stimulus generalization
(D)Sensory preconditioning
(E)Spontaneous recovery