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English for Developing Teaching Science Course code: 1002408 Number of credits 3 (2-2-5) Category of the course : Specific course (compulsory) Dr. WORRAWAT PROMDEN Program of General Science, Faculty of Education, Buriram Rajabhat University , Introduction English for Developing Teaching Science: Specialized English for non-English studying or working in science education This course in English has been designed to cater to the needs of undergraduate students of general science program, while they are studying as well as later. The course contains a varied selection of reading passages of basic and applied science. Vocabularies : containEach (vt) reading ประกอบด้unit วย is accompanied by exercises activities that : accompany (vt) and : ประกอบกับ/พร ้อมกบ ั Note In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb that has no direct object. This is distinct from a transitive verb, which takes one or more objects. The verb property is called transitivity. Examples of intransitive verbs include to die and to sleep. Vi = intransitive verb ่ verbs Transitive and to give. คื อ verb ทีไม่ ต ้องมีinclude กรรมรองรtoับ see (อกรรมกิ รยา) ้ เป็ นประโยคทีสมบู ่ เช่น I run, You walk เพียงแค่นีก็ รณ์ได ้ Vt = Transitive verb ่ ้องมีกรรมมารองรับ (สกรรมกริยา) คือ verb ทีต เช่น I eat จะใช ้เฉยๆไมได ้ ประโยคจะไม่สมบูรณ์เพราะไม่รุ ้ว่า I ต ้องมีกรรมมารองรับ เช่น I eat an apple Marks distribution: Assignment 1 5% Assignment 2 5% Attendance 10% Midterm 20% Quizzes 10% Presentation 20% Final 30% Total 100% Vocabularies : Assignment (n) งาน = task; responsibil การมอบหมาย = designation; author Grading on a curve Lesson 1 English for Mathematics Common mathematical operators plus (addition) minus (subtraction) times (multiplication)obelus (division) Basic calculations Mathematical operation 1. Addition The plus sign • It is signified by the plus sign (+). 2+2 = 4 (verbally, "two plus two equals four") Columnar addition Vocabularies : signify (vt); มีความหมาย verbally (adv) ทางคาพู ด = orally; word for word; Basic calculations Mathematical operation 2. Subtraction The minus sign • Subtraction is the inverse of addition • it is denoted by a minus sign (-) "5 − 2 = 3" (verbally, "five minus two equals three") Basic calculations Mathematical operation 3. Multiplication The multiplication sign • It is often denoted by the cross symbol . • Multiplication is sometimes denoted by either a middle dot or a period: 2 3 or 2.3 = 6 : •Vocabularies The asterisk (as in 2*3) is often used denote [VT] ; แสดงถึง in programming languages because Syn. signify; stand for; mean it appears everyา keyboard Relate. หมายถึง, มีคon วามหมายว่ 2 x 3 = 6 (verbally, "two times three Basic calculations Mathematical operation 4. Division • In the expression a ÷ b = c, "a divided by b" “a” is called the dividend or numerator, “b” the divisor or denominator and the ่ นเศษใน result “c” is called the Vocab: numerator [N] ; จานวนที เป็ ตัวเลขเศษส่วน quotient divisor [N] ; ตัวหาร The Obelus sign 20 ÷ 4 =5 Division is often shown in algebra and science by placing the dividend over the divisor with a horizontal line, also called a vinculum or fraction bar, between them. For example, A divided by B is written A B A cake with one fourth removed. The remaining three fourths are shown. Dotted lines indicate where the cake may be cut in order to divide it into equal parts. Each fourth of the algebra cake [N] is; พีชค Mixed 3 2 + numbers 4 = 3 2 4 An improper fraction is another way to write a whole plus a part. A mixed number can be converted to an improper fraction as follows: 3 3 2 + 2 1. Write the mixed number 4 4as a sum 2. Convert the whole number to an improper 8 3 fraction with the same denominator as the + 4 4 fractional part, 3 2 the 4 11 fractions. = 4 3. Add The resulting sum is the improper fraction. In the example, Vocab: improper [ADJ] ; ไม improper fraction :เศษส่วนเก 3 2+ 4 = 3 2 4 = 11 4 This is not to be confused with the algebra rule of implied multiplication. When two algebraic expressions are written next to each other, the operation of multiplication is said to be "understood". In algebra, for example is not a mixed number. Instead, multiplication is understood: 2x 3 = 6 = 3 4 4 Vocab: ่ บสน confused [ADJ] ; ทีสั ่ implied [ADJ] ; ซึงบอกเป็ นนัยๆ instead [ADV] ; แทน ่ ่ าใจ understood [ADJ] ; ซึงละไว้ ในฐานทีเข้ 2 Ratio A:B In English usage the colon is restricted to expressing the related concept of ratios. “the ratio of A to B” “A is to B” Mathematically, we write: "40:60" = "2:3" Grammatically, we would say, "40 to 60 equals 2 to 3." ratio [N] ; อัตราส่วน Syn. comparison; proportion Relate. สัดส่วน, อัตราเปรี ยบเทียบ Dilution ratio Ratios are often used for simple dilutions applied in chemistry and biology. A simple dilution is one in which a unit volume of a liquid material of interest is combined with an appropriate volume of a solvent liquid to achieve the desired concentration. For example, a 1:5 dilution (verbalize as "1 to 5" dilution) entails combining 1 unit volume of solute (the material to be diluted) + 4 unit volumes (approximately) of the solvent to give 5 units of the total volume. ่ อาจหลีกเลียงได้ ่ entail combine with [PHRV] ; รวมเข้ ากับ [VT] ; ส่งผลซึงไม่ achieve [VT] ; สาเร็จ appropriate [ADJ] ; เหมาะสม Syn. suitable; fit; proper Syn. complete; finish; execute Relate. เข้าก ัน, พอเหมาะ Relate. สัมฤทธิผล, ประสบผลสาเร็จ, บรรลุ desire [VT] ; ปรารถนา Assignment : How to make 1: 6 dilution of 1 bottom Hale's blue boy (1 bottom = 700 cc.)? Exponentiation Exponentiation is a mathematical operation, written n as b , involving two numbers, the base “b” and the exponent (or index or power) “n”. When n is a positive integer. b2 is usually read as b squared The exponentiation bn can be read as: b raised to the n-th power, or b raised to the power of n, or b raised by the exponent of n, most briefly as b to the n. and b3 as b cubed integer [N] ; จานวนเต็ม Powers of ten In the base ten (decimal) number system, integer powers of 10 are written as the digit 1 followed or preceded by a number of zeroes determined by the sign and magnitude of the exponent. For example, 103 = 1,000 and 10−4 = 0.0001. Exponentiation with base 10 is used in scientific notation to denote large or small numbers. For instance, 299,792,458 m/s (the speed of light in vacuum, in metre per second) can be written as 2.99792458×108 m/s and then approximated as 2.998×108 m/s. precede [VT] ; อยูข่ ้ างหน้ า approximate [VT] ; ประมาณ Metric prefix unique [N] ; ความเป็ นหนึ่ง unique [ADJ] ; ซึง่ เป็ นหนึ่งเดียว prepense [ADJ] ; ที่ไตร่ตรองไว้ ลว่ งหน้ า A metric prefix or SI prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a decadic multiple or fraction of the unit. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to the unit symbol. Metric prefixes in everyday use Text Symbol Factor 1000000000000 tera T 1000000000 giga G 1000000 mega M 1000 kilo k 100 hecto h 1 (none) (none) 0.1 deci d 0.01 centi c 0.001 milli m 0.000001 micro μ 0.000000001 nano n 1012 109 106 103 102 101 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 The decimal numeral system Read and Write Decimals 1/3 = 0.3333333… or 0.3 (spoken as "0.3 repeating", or "0.3 recurring")