Download Lesson 1 : English for Mathematics

English for Developing
Teaching Science
Course code: 1002408
Number of credits 3 (2-2-5)
Category of the course : Specific course (compulsory)
Dr. WORRAWAT PROMDEN
Program of General Science, Faculty of Education,
Buriram Rajabhat University ,
Introduction
English for Developing Teaching
Science:
Specialized English for non-English
studying or working in science education
This course in English has been designed to
cater to the needs of undergraduate students
of general science program, while they are
studying as well as later. The course contains a
varied selection of reading passages of basic
and applied science.
Vocabularies
: containEach
(vt) reading
ประกอบด้unit
วย is
accompanied
by exercises
activities that
: accompany
(vt) and
: ประกอบกับ/พร
้อมกบ
ั
Note
In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb that has
no direct object.
This is distinct from a transitive verb, which takes
one or more objects.
The verb property is called transitivity.
Examples of intransitive verbs include to die and to
sleep.
Vi
= intransitive verb
่ verbs
Transitive
and to
give.
คื
อ verb ทีไม่
ต ้องมีinclude
กรรมรองรtoับ see
(อกรรมกิ
รยา)
้ เป็ นประโยคทีสมบู
่
เช่น I run, You walk เพียงแค่นีก็
รณ์ได ้
Vt = Transitive verb
่ ้องมีกรรมมารองรับ (สกรรมกริยา)
คือ verb ทีต
เช่น I eat จะใช ้เฉยๆไมได ้ ประโยคจะไม่สมบูรณ์เพราะไม่รุ ้ว่า I
ต ้องมีกรรมมารองรับ เช่น I eat an apple
Marks distribution:
Assignment 1
5%
Assignment 2
5%
Attendance
10%
Midterm
20%
Quizzes
10%
Presentation
20%
Final
30%
Total
100%
Vocabularies : Assignment (n) งาน = task; responsibil
การมอบหมาย = designation; author
Grading on a curve
Lesson 1
English for Mathematics
Common mathematical operators
plus (addition) minus (subtraction)
times (multiplication)obelus (division)
Basic calculations
Mathematical operation
1. Addition
The plus sign
• It is signified by the plus sign (+).
2+2 = 4 (verbally, "two plus two equals
four")
Columnar addition
Vocabularies :
signify (vt); มีความหมาย
verbally (adv) ทางคาพู ด =
orally; word for word;
Basic calculations
Mathematical operation
2. Subtraction
The minus sign
• Subtraction is the inverse of addition
• it is denoted by a minus sign (-)
"5 − 2 = 3" (verbally, "five minus two equals
three")
Basic calculations
Mathematical operation
3. Multiplication
The multiplication sign
• It is often denoted by the cross
symbol
.
• Multiplication is sometimes
denoted by either a middle dot or a
period: 2 3 or 2.3 = 6
:
•Vocabularies
The asterisk
(as in 2*3) is often used
denote [VT] ; แสดงถึง
in programming languages because
Syn. signify; stand for; mean
it appears
everyา keyboard
Relate.
หมายถึง, มีคon
วามหมายว่
2 x 3 = 6 (verbally, "two times three
Basic calculations
Mathematical operation
4. Division
• In the expression a ÷ b
= c,
"a divided by b"
“a” is called the
dividend or numerator,
“b” the divisor or
denominator and the
่ นเศษใน
result
“c” is called
the
Vocab: numerator
[N] ; จานวนที
เป็
ตัวเลขเศษส่วน
quotient
divisor [N] ; ตัวหาร
The Obelus sign
20 ÷ 4 =5
Division is often shown in algebra and
science by placing the dividend over the divisor
with a horizontal line, also called a vinculum or
fraction bar, between them. For example, A
divided by B is written
A
B
A cake with one fourth removed. The remaining
three fourths are shown. Dotted lines indicate
where the cake may be cut in order to divide it
into equal parts. Each fourth of the algebra
cake [N]
is; พีชค
Mixed
3
2
+
numbers 4
=
3
2 4
An improper fraction is another way to write a
whole plus a part. A mixed number can be
converted to an improper fraction as follows:
3
3
2
+
2
1. Write the mixed number
4
4as a sum
2. Convert the whole number to an improper
8
3
fraction with the same denominator
as the
+
4
4
fractional part,
3
2
the
4
11
fractions.
= 4
3. Add
The resulting sum is the
improper fraction. In the example,
Vocab: improper [ADJ] ; ไม
improper fraction :เศษส่วนเก
3
2+ 4
=
3
2 4
= 11
4
This is not to be confused with the algebra rule
of implied multiplication. When two algebraic
expressions are written next to each other, the
operation of multiplication is said to be
"understood". In algebra, for example is not a
mixed number. Instead, multiplication is
understood:
2x 3 = 6 = 3
4
4
Vocab:
่ บสน
confused [ADJ] ; ทีสั
่
implied [ADJ] ; ซึงบอกเป็
นนัยๆ
instead [ADV] ; แทน
่
่ าใจ
understood [ADJ] ; ซึงละไว้
ในฐานทีเข้
2
Ratio
A:B
In English usage the colon is restricted to expressing the
related concept of ratios.
“the ratio of A to B”
“A is to B”
Mathematically, we write: "40:60" = "2:3"
Grammatically, we would say, "40 to 60 equals 2 to 3."
ratio [N] ; อัตราส่วน
Syn. comparison; proportion
Relate. สัดส่วน, อัตราเปรี ยบเทียบ
Dilution ratio
Ratios are often used for simple dilutions applied in chemistry and
biology. A simple dilution is one in which a unit volume of a liquid
material of interest is combined with an appropriate volume of a
solvent liquid to achieve the desired concentration.
For example, a 1:5 dilution (verbalize as "1 to 5" dilution) entails
combining 1 unit volume of solute (the material to be diluted) + 4 unit
volumes (approximately) of the solvent to give 5 units of the total
volume.
่ อาจหลีกเลียงได้
่
entail
combine with [PHRV] ; รวมเข้
ากับ [VT] ; ส่งผลซึงไม่
achieve [VT] ; สาเร็จ
appropriate [ADJ] ; เหมาะสม
Syn. suitable; fit; proper Syn. complete; finish; execute
Relate. เข้าก ัน, พอเหมาะ
Relate. สัมฤทธิผล, ประสบผลสาเร็จ, บรรลุ
desire [VT] ; ปรารถนา
Assignment : How to make 1: 6 dilution of
1 bottom Hale's blue boy (1 bottom = 700 cc.)?
Exponentiation
Exponentiation is a mathematical operation, written
n
as b , involving two numbers, the base “b” and the
exponent (or index or power) “n”. When n is a positive
integer.
b2 is usually read as
b squared
The exponentiation bn can be read as:
b raised to the n-th power, or
b raised to the power of n, or
b raised by the exponent of n,
most briefly as b to the n.
and b3 as b cubed
integer [N] ; จานวนเต็ม
Powers of ten
In the base ten (decimal) number system, integer powers
of 10 are written as the digit 1 followed or preceded by a
number of zeroes determined by the sign and magnitude
of the exponent. For example, 103 = 1,000 and 10−4 =
0.0001.
Exponentiation with base 10 is used in scientific notation
to denote large or small numbers. For instance,
299,792,458 m/s (the speed of light in vacuum, in metre
per second) can be written as 2.99792458×108 m/s and
then approximated as 2.998×108 m/s.
precede [VT] ; อยูข่ ้ างหน้ า
approximate [VT] ; ประมาณ
Metric prefix
unique [N] ; ความเป็ นหนึ่ง
unique [ADJ] ; ซึง่ เป็ นหนึ่งเดียว
prepense [ADJ] ; ที่ไตร่ตรองไว้ ลว่ งหน้ า
A metric prefix or SI prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit
of measure to indicate a decadic multiple or fraction of the unit.
Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to the unit
symbol.
Metric prefixes in everyday use
Text
Symbol
Factor
1000000000000
tera
T
1000000000
giga
G
1000000
mega
M
1000
kilo
k
100
hecto
h
1
(none)
(none)
0.1
deci
d
0.01
centi
c
0.001
milli
m
0.000001
micro
μ
0.000000001
nano
n
1012
109
106
103
102
101
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
The decimal numeral system
Read and Write Decimals
1/3 = 0.3333333… or 0.3
(spoken as "0.3 repeating", or "0.3 recurring")