Download Biology 112 Lab Objectives

Biology 112 Lab Objectives
Lab quiz # 1
Spelling counts on all lab quizzes. You are
responsible for all objectives listed including
assigned lab manual exercises and questions
from lab reports.
Exercise 4 – The Microscope
Read lab exercises; then complete lab report #
3, pp. 39 parts A
Be able to calculate total magnification using
an objective lens
Know following parts of the microscope and
their functions. Complete lab report p. 40 Part
D.
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Ocular lens
Arm
Rotating nosepiece
Objective lenses
Stage
Stage clips
Mechanical stage control
Fine focus
Coarse focus
Light control
Condenser
Iris diaphragm lever
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Be able to determine why a slide is not
viewable
Be able to describe the proper way to
carry a microscope
Be able to describe proper way to store
a microscope
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Chapter Two – Body Organization and
Terminology
Using models learn the following anatomical
terms.
Directional Terminology:
Be able to answer lab report
Part C p. 18
Superior/Inferior
Anterior/Posterior
Medial/Lateral
Proximal/Distal
Superficial/Deep
Body cavities
Fig. 2.1 p. 10
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Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Cranial
Vertebral(spinal)
Organs
Be able to
identify organs and
place in proper cavity.
Be able to answer lab report Part A p. 17
 heart
 lungs
 brain
 spinal cord
 trachea
 esophagus
 stomach
 pancreas
 spleen
 liver
 small intestines
 large intestines
 ovary/testes
 urinary bladder
Membranes
Fig. 2.2 a and Fig. 2.2b
P. 11. Where are these membranes found in
the body?
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parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium
parietal pleura
visceral pleura
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
Planes
Fig. 2.5 p. 13
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Frontal(coronal)
Sagittal
Transverse
Biology 112 Lab Objectives
Abdominal quadrants (models)
Fig. 2.6 B p. 14.
 RUQ
 LUQ
 RLQ
 LLQ
Body regions
Fig. 2.7 (a & b), pp. 15-16
Lab report D and E p. 19
Be able to label body regions on models
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Cephalic
Cervical
Vertebral
Sternal
Axillary
Acromial
Brachial
Antebrachial
Cubital
Antecubital
Carpal
Palmar
Umbilical
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Plantar
Exercise 5 – Cell Structure and Function
Fig. 5.1 p. 42
Fig. 5.2 p. 43
Lab report #5 p. 46 part C
Make your own cheek cell slide
Use cell model to learn structures and functions
of following cellular organelles
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Plasma (cell) membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Centrioles
Ribosomes
Exercise 6 – Movements through membranes
If time permits:
Perform lab procedure A. p.48
Perform lab procedure B. 48
Perform lab procedure C p. 49
Be able to define the following terms:
 Diffusion
 Osmosis
 Filtration
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What happens to a cell placed in each of these
solutions?
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Hypertonic solutions
Hypotonic solutions
Isotonic solutions
Biology 112 Lab Objectives
Lab Quiz #2
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are
responsible for all objectives listed including
lab exercises and lab report questions.
Exercise 7 – The Cell Cycle
Fig. 7.2 p. 57
Lab report # 7 pp. 59-62 parts A, B, C, and D
For test -- be able to identify the following
stages of the cell cycle using whitefish blastula
slides, photographs from p. 62 in lab manual,
and from micrographs
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Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Exercise 8 – Epithelial Tissues
Fig. 8.1 p. 64
Lab report # 8 pp. 65-66 parts A & B. * study
the above sections for the test
Using photographs and slides be able to
recognize the following tissue types and cell
types in italics. You do not have to identify
where slides are located in the body.
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Stratified squamous - skin
Simple squamous - lungs
Simple columnar - stomach
Simple cuboidal - kidney
Pseudostratified columnar – trachea –
goblet cell
Transitional – bladder
Chapter 9 -Connective Tissue
Fig. 9.1 p. 68
Lab report 9 p. 69. (study for
test)
 Adipose – adipose slide
 Hyaline cartilage – trachea chondrocyte
 Dense regular – tendon
 Loose (areolar) – areolar slide
 Blood – human blood slide –
erythrocyte and leukocyte
 Bone – bone slide -osteocyte
Chapter 10 - Muscle and nervous tissue
Fig. 10.1 p. 74 (study for test)
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Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle – intercalated discs
Nervous tissue - neuron
Exercise 11- Integumentary System
Fig. 11.1 p. 78
Fig. 11.2 p. 79
Using skin models and slides locate the
following parts of the skin.
Layers of the skin:
 Epidermis
 Dermis
 Hypodermis
Skin structures:
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Hair follicle
Hair shaft
Arrector pili muscle
Sebaceous gland
Eccrine sweat gland
Apocrine gland
Biology 112 Lab Objectives
Lab Quiz # 3
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are
responsible for all objectives listed including
lab exercises and lab report questions.
Exercise 12: Bone structure
Fig. 12.1 p.84 (study for test)
Exercise 13-17 – Skeleton
Fig. 13.1 p. 90
Fig. 13.2 p. 91
You are not responsible for any other figures in
Chapter 13-17 other than those listed above.
Identify the following bones and their features.
Bone features are in parentheses and italics.
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Frontal
Parietal
Temporal ( mastoid process)
(external auditory meatus)
Occipital ( foramen magnum)
Ethmoid ( crista galli)
Sphenoid ( sella turcica)
Vomer
Nasal
Zygomatic
Maxilla ( palatine process)
Palatine
Mandible ( TMJ)
Sternum( xiphoid process)
(manubrium)
Ribs ( true, false and floating)
Cervical vertebrae
Atlas
Axis
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae (spinous process)
( transverse process)
(body of vertebrae)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus – ( head of humerus)
(trochlea)
Ulna ( olecranon process)
Radius ( styloid process)
Carpals
Metacarpals
Proximal, Middle and Distal Phalanges
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Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
(acetabulum)
Femur ( head)
(Medial and lateral condyles)
patella
Tibia ( medial malleolus)
Fibula ( lateral malleolus)
Tarsals - calcaneus
Metatarsals
Proximal, Middle and Distal Phalanges
Exercise 18 Joints
Locate the following joints on models.
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Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoidal suture
Symphysis pubis (Pubis symphysis)
Sacroiliac joint
Exercise 19 - 23 – Skeletal muscle
Fig. 19.2 p. 140
You are not responsible for any diagrams on
muscles. Be able to
locate the following muscles on models.
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Frontalis
Temporalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Sternocleidomastoid
External obliques
Rectus abdominis
Transverse abdominis
Diaphragm
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Palmaris longus
Extensor digitorum
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Sartorius
Quadriceps group
Hamstring group
Tibialis anterior
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Biology 112 Lab Objectives
Lab Quiz # 4
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are
responsible for all objectives listed including
lab exercises and lab report questions.
Exercise #24 – Nervous tissue and nerves
Fig. 24.1 p. 174
Fig. 24.2 p. 175
Locate the following on the neuron model.
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Cell body
Dendrite
Nissl body(substance)
Axonal hillock
Axon
Myelin sheath
Node of Ranvier
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Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Longitudinal fissure
Transverse fissure
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Exercise 29 - The Ear
Fig. 29.1 p. 206 (know for test)
Fig. 29.2 p. 207
Fig. 29.3 p. 208
Locate the following on ear models.
Exercise 26 - The meninges and spinal cord
Fig. 26.1 p. 188
Fig. 26.2 p. 188
Lab report # 26 part A p. 189 (study for test)
Locate the following on the spinal cord model
and on Fig. 26.2 p. 188.
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Central canal
Gray commissure
Anterior horn of gray matter
Posterior horn of gray matter
White matter
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Dorsal root ganglion
Spinal nerve
Exercise 27 and Exercise 28– Brain and
Cranial Nerves
Fig. 27.1 p. 192
Fig. 27.2 p. 193
Follow directions for dissection on p. 197-201.
Fig. 28.6 p. 199 is helpful for locating parts of
the sheep brain.
Locate the following on brain models, dissected
sheep brain and on Fig. 27.1.
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Dura mater
Pituitary gland
Olfactory bulbs
Optic chiasma
Cerebrum
Gyrus
Sulcus
Frontal lobe
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Pinna(auricle)
External auditory meatus
Tympanic membrane
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Auditory tube
Oval window
Semicircular canals
Vestibule
Cochlea
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Exercise 30 – The eye
Follow directions for eye dissection on pp. 217218. Fig. 30.8 p. 217 is helpful for learning the
structures of dissected eye.
Locate the following on eye models, dissected
eye and from Fig. 30.3 p. 215
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Extrinsic eye muscles
Cornea
Sclera
Optic nerve
Iris
Pupil
Lens
Ciliary body
Vitreous humor
Choroid coat
Retina
Biology 112 Lab Objectives
Lab Quiz #5
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are
responsible for all objectives listed including
lab exercises and lab report questions.
Exercise 32- Endocrine System
Fig. 32.1 p. 230
Fig. 32.8 p. 235 ( study for test)
Fig. 32.9 p. 235 (study for test)
Fig. 32.10 p. 236 (study for test)
Be able to recognize the following endocrine
glands using photographs and slides.
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Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Recognize the following endocrine organs on
models and be able to give the hormones each
secretes.
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Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus gland
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Testes
Ovaries
Exercise 33 – Blood cells
Using photographs and slides recognize the
following blood elements. Pictures on p. 242
are helpful.
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Erythrocytes
Platelets
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Exercise 36 – The heart
Fig. 36.1 p. 264
Fig. 36.2 p. 264
Fig. 36.3 p. 265
Fig. 36.6 p. 270
Diagrams above are helpful for learning the
heart structures. Test questions on the heart
will be on models and dissected sheep hearts.
Follow directions for heart dissection,
procedure B pp. 265-267.
Locate the following on heart models and a
dissected heart.
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Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Papillary muscle
Chordae tendineae
Aortic valve (model only)
Pulmonary valve (model only)
Exercise 38 – Blood vessels
Fig. 38.1 p. 282
Fig. 38.3 p. 283 ( study for test)
Be able to recognize an artery and a vein under
the microscope.
Locate the following vessels on models. You are
not responsible for any diagrams in exercise 40,
but they are helpful for learning the vessels of
the body .
Arteries:
 Coronary artery
 Brachiocephalic
 Common carotid
 Left subclavian
 Axillary
 Brachial
 Radial
 Ulnar
 Abdominal
 Common iliac
 Renal artery
 Femoral
 Anterior tibial
Biology 112 Lab Objectives
Veins:
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Cardiac veins
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Brachiocephalic
Jugular
Subclavian
Median cubital
Renal
Femoral
Great saphenous
Exercise 39 –Blood pressure
If time permits this may be done as a
demonstration.
Perform procedure B p.288
Observe what happens to BP when sitting,
standing up and after exercising. Blood
pressure can be done as a demo if time is
limited.
Biology 112 Lab Objectives
Lab Quiz # 6
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are
responsible for all objectives listed including
lab exercises and lab report questions.
Exercise 42 – Digestive system
Fig. 42.2 p. 312
Fig. 42.5 p. 314
Fig. 42.7 p. 315
Fig. 42.10 p. 317 (study for test)
Fig. 42.11 p. 318
Fig. 42.12 p. 319 (study for test)
Be able to recognize intestinal villi on a
photograph or slide.
Identify the following digestive system
structures on models.
Fig. 42.2 p. 312
 Tongue
 Parotid gland
 Submandibular gland
 Sublingual gland
Fig. 42.5 p.314
 Nasopharynx
 Oropharynx
 Laryngopharynx
 Esophagus
Fig. 42. 7 p. 315
 Lower esophageal sphincter
 Cardiac region of stomach
 Fundus of stomach
 Body of stomach
 Pyloric region of stomach
 Pyloric sphincter
Fig. 42.11 p. 318
 Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Ileum
 Appendix
 Ileocecal sphincter
 Cecum
 Ascending colon
 Transverse colon
 Descending colon
 Sigmoid colon
 Rectum
Fig. 42.10 p. 317
 Pancreas
 Pancreatic duct
 Gallbladder
 Cystic duct
 Liver
 Hepatic duct
Exercise 44- Respiratory system
Fig. 44.1 p. 328
Fig. 44.2 p. 329
Fig. 44.6 p. 330 ( study for test)
Be able to recognize alveoli from a photograph
or slide. See Fig. 44.6 p. 331
Locate the following respiratory structures on
models.
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Conchae ( nasal cavity)
Hard palate
Soft palate
Uvula
Pharynx ( 3 divisions)
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi ( primary and secondary)
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
The following exercise is optional. Instructors
may include this exercise is time permits.
Exercise 45 – respiratory volumes
Fig. 45.4 (Spirogram)
Perform procedure B p. 334
Handout can also be used for experiment. Turn
in results to your instructor when finished.
Exercise 46 – Kidney
Fig. 46.1 p. 342
Fig. 46.2 p. 343
Fig. 46.4 p. 344
Procedure A pp. 341-343 (kidney dissection).
Fig. 46.3 p. 343 is helpful
learning the structures of a sheep kidney.
Locate the following kidney structures on
models and a dissected kidney.
Biology 112 Lab Objectives
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Renal pelvis(region)
Renal medulla(region
Renal cortex(region)
Renal pyramid
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Ureter
Locate the following structures on models only.
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Glomerulus
Afferent arterioles
Efferent arterioles
Proximal convoluted tubules
Nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Renal artery
Renal vein
Bladder
Urethra
Interlobar artery/vein
Interlobular artery/vein
Arcuate artery/vein
Exercise 48 – Male reproductive system
Fig. 48.1 p. 356
Fig. 48.4 p. 357 (study for test)
Locate the following female reproductive organ
on models.
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Ovary
Fimbriae
Uterine tube
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Labia minorum
Labia majorum
Clitoris
Bladder
Urethra
Genetics Oral Report:
This oral report is to be presented after Lab Test
Six. Report should last from 3- 5 minutes,
Criteria:
1. Name of genetic disorder.
2. What is the pattern of inheritance?
3. Is it a dominant or a recessive trait?
4. What are symptoms of disorder?
Be able to recognize seminiferous tubules from
a photograph or slide. See Fig. 48.4 p. 357
Locate the following male reproductive organs
on models.
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Testes
Scrotum
Epididymis
Ductus deferens ( vas deferens)
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Bladder
Urethra
Penis
Glans penis
OR
Choose a disease or disorder named in the
textbook. Check with me if you are unsure.
Present a brief oral report on the disorder/disease
on the night of the last lab quiz.
The report needs to include the following:
 Name of disease/disorder
 System(s) and organ(s) involved
 How do individuals get it? (i.e.:
parasite, genetic, bacterial, etc.)
 Symptoms
 Treatment or cure
Exercise 49 – Female Reproductive System
Fig. 49.1 p. 362
Fig. 49.4 p. 364 ( study for test)
You also need to include a visual (picture, etc.)
Be able to recognize an ovary from a
photograph or slide. See fig. 49.4 p. 364
You will need to turn in some type of written
documentation used for the report (notecards,
informal paper, etc)
Biology 112 Lab Objectives
You may do a powerpoint presentation. In that
case, no other written documentation is needed.
Upon successful completion of the oral report, 7
points will be added to the last lab quiz.