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TEST THE THIRD:
Excretion, Resipiration,
Immunity
and
Circulation
"Learning and teaching is messy stuff. It doesn't fit into bubbles. I don't think a
simple pencil-and-paper test is going to capture what students know and can
do.“
Michele Forman, Teacher of the Year in 2001
"Thinking is the hardest work there is, which is the probable reason why so few
engage in it.“
Henry Ford
"Believing we can improve schooling with more tests is like believing you can make
yourself grow taller by measuring your height.“
Robert Schaeffer
Friday, March 7th, 2008
Name _________________________________________ Date ___________________ Period _________
Directions: This test is designed to let your teacher know how much information you have learned
over the past few weeks, and to allow you to gauge this as well. Remember to think about your notes and all
the examples, labs and demonstrations that we’ve done in class. Read each question carefully and
completely before making your response, and make sure that whatever you write answers every part of the
question. For free-response questions, use the space provided for your answer. For multiple-choice
questions, write the letter of your choice on the line at the right side of the page. Do not leave any blank
questions or naked numbers. Blank questions will be marked off at double the rate of a wrong answer.
Relax, good luck, and enjoy!
0. What do you call a small child’s leg joint?
1. The human heart, as a popular and catchy song goes, is a wonderful organ. Which statement concerning
its greatness is false?
A. It keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate.
B. It has four chambers so that gas exchange can happen at the atrium.
C. The left ventricle is more muscular, because it must pump blood to the entire body.
D. It is regulated by a bundle of nerve cells that spontaneously release electrical signals.
_________
2. The only vein that carries oxygenated blood in the human is the
A. Superior vena cava B. Aorta
C. Pulmonary vein D. Midsaggital venule
_________
3. What is the protein complex that is packed into erythrocytes (red blood cells) and allows them to hold
onto oxygen?
A. Hemoglobin B. Myomaxin
C. Myosin
D. Nucleic acids
_________
4. In the structure above, what element from the periodic table is bound to the protein, and gives blood its
characteristic rust-red colour?
A. Co (cobalt)
B. Cu (Copper)
C. Fe (Iron)
D. Ds (Syracuseium)
_________
5. Why are capillaries so small? Explain your answer completely for full credit!
6. The immune system can respond to a variety of pathogens, but it is usually faster the second time that it
sees a particular virus or bacterium. Completely explain why this is observed.
7. Which of the below items do veins possess whist arteries do not?
A. Valves
B. Musclular walls
C. Spores
D. Infarctions
_________
8. What are three good things that any excretory system should do?
9. What is the functional unit of the human kidney?
10. Which of the choices below is not a part of an insect’s circulatory system?
A. Hemolymph
B. Pseudoheart
C. Blood vessels
D. Large, open body cavity
_________
11. The diagram below shows the relative concentration of molecules inside and outside of a cell. Which
statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Glucose would diffuse into the cell.
Protein would diffuse out of the cell.
Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell.
Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.
_________
12. When a person drinks a lot of a very salty beverage (e.g. pop…or “soda”), their urine output will
decrease dramatically. Completely explain why this may be.
13. Which part of the nephron helps to concentrate the urine in a human?
A. The first part
B. The nephron
C. The loop of Henle
D. The PCT
_________
14. What kind of organism uses nephridia for excretion of liquid wastes?
A. Chilopods
B. Earthworms
C. Hydra
D. Insects
_________
15. Insects cannot get very large, because they depend on this process to move gasses and nutrients around
their body. Identify the process, and explain why it doesn’t allow insects to get very large.
16. Give an example of an organism with an open circulatory system, and an example of an organism with a
closed circulatory system.
17. Why can amoebas excrete ammonia, while humans must excrete urea?
18. What are the four needs of a respiratory system?
A. Earth, fire, wind, water, and heart. Together we are…..CAPTAIN PLANET!
B. Carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids.
C. Moisture, ventilation, respiratory surface, and large surface area.
D. Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and soil.
_________
19. Why is a two- or three- chambered heart less efficient than a four-chambered heart?
20. What is the benefit of a fish using counter-current exchange?
21. Why must blood be slowed down at the capillaries surrounding the alveoli of the lungs?
22. In a frog, the lungs are not a sufficiently-large respiratory surface. What else does the frog use to
respire?
23. The hemolymph in a grasshopper does not carry any gasses, only nutrients. Explain, then, how a
grasshopper gets oxygen to its cells, and how it removes carbon dioxide from these cells.
24. An example of a “slosher” is
A. An insect with an open circulatory system.
B. A human with a closed circulatory system.
C. A frog with a closed circulatory system.
D. An elephant with an open circulatory system.
_________
25. The purpose of the proteins on the surface of body cells is to
A. Decorate the cells for the holidays
B. Identify the cells
C. Make the cells easier to phagocytize
D. Match blood groups
_________
26. The heart in a human must pump constantly. If it stops, or even if its beat becomes irregular, the human
who owns it can be in great peril. In the space below, using one or two well-structured paragraphs:
I. Describe how the beating of the heart is controlled, and
II. Describe one thing that might increase the heart rate, and
III. Completely explain how increasing the heart rate uses or affects AT LEAST TWO other body systems.