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Unit 1 What type of bacteria form fimbrae? Gram negative What does streptococcus pneumonia form to escape the immune system? Capsules What is the size a eukaryotic ribosomes? 80s What do eukaryotic cells have that bacterial cells do not? nucleus The movement of the bacterial flagellum would be described as spinning How might a bacteriologist use inclusions? Identify bacteria How does a plasmid compare in size to the bacterial chromosome? 1/10 the size of the chromosome Circular DNA is found in which type of organism? prokaryotic Yersinia Pettis causes what disease? Bubonic Plague Fungi contain this in their cell wall chitin What stimulates production of endoscopes? Waste products/toxin, decreased nutrients the Japanese invested millions of dollars to study this flagella What structure is formed to aid in conjugation? pilus Plasmid might contain genetic information for All these what do Mycoplasma bacteria lack? Cell wall How do the drugs, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or streptomycin act on a bacterial cell? Inhibit protein synthesis Neisseria gonorrhea uses this/these to attach to the urethra fimbriae Here do many of the metabolic activities of a bacterial cell occur? Plasma membrane how does one destroy endoscopes to make food safe? High heat and pressure Are strains of Escherichia coli considered to be one species? yes What type of ribosomes is found in the mitochondria? 70s Hat is the cytosol? Water portion of cytoplasma What size are bacterial ribosomes? 70s What type of solution would cause an animal cell to shrivel hypertonic Lipid A is sometimes found in the outer membrane of what bacteria? Gram negative Bacillus and Clostridium both have this in common endospores What disease was spread by smearing swords in horse manure before battle? tetanus Streptococcus mutants produces this to attach to teeth capsule prokaryotic refers to bacteria What structure in gram negative cells impedes the action of penicillin? Outer membrane bacteria contain what chemical in their cell wall peptidoglycan How many kingdoms are there according to Whitaker? 5 What disease did Jenner's vaccine prevent? smallpox plants contain this in the cell wall cellulose The carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and sewage disposal are examples of what bacterial importance Decomposition and mineralization Pasteur first developed the process of pasteurization for what beverage wine Are strains of Escherichia coli considered to be one species yes Ergosterol is found in the plasma membrane of fungi This microbiologist worked with gelatin and potato and first used agar as a solid medium Koch Attenuated microorganisms were used for the polio vaccination by Salk What early civilization recognized weaker symptoms of smallpox Chinese First to demonstrate aseptic surgery lister bacteria contain what chemical in their cell wall peptidoglycan Fungi contain this in their cell wall chitin First used the term cell hooke Prokaryotic refers to bacteria Pasteur developed a vaccine against what viral killer rabies What is the largest designation in classifying organisms kingdom Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation Pasteur This scientist developed vaccines for chicken cholera, rabies, anthrax, and others Pasteur What bacterium did Kock work with that caused consumption Mycobacterium tuberculosis A scientific name includes Genus and species Who provided the system of binomial nomenclature linnaeus Who produced the first vaccine Jenner who advised doctors to wash hands between parties and was rejected by his colleagues Semmelweiss Who showed how to perform tests under aseptic conditions lister Who discovered penicillin fleming who introduced acid fast staining procedures and showed one colony=one bacterium koch who tried 606 chemicals to discover salvarsin ehrlich this person made many microscopes and increased interest in microbes Van Leeuwenhoek His person invented the first microscope around 1600 jansen Discovered antibiotic from Actinomycetes waksman Demonstrated food preservation by canning appert When did the modern age of microbiology begin? 1940-50 This scientist discovered Prontosil which contains sulfur Domagk What antibiotic was discovered in the 1920's but not used until the 1940's penicillin When was the golden age of microbiology Last half of the 1800's The two new DNA molecules produced from the parent molecule are identical Physical characteristics or products of gene expression are phenotype Glucose + Fructose --> sucrose + H2O Dehydration synthesis All living organisms contain lipid in their Plasma membrane In a water molecule the oxygen is slightly negative and the hydrogen are slightly positive Amino acids are joined by Peptide bonds One puts bacteria in an autoclave and kills them. Enough heat is put into the proteins to cause the helices and pleats to unfold/unwind. The same bonds one finds between water molecules are broken Hydrogen bonds The entire DNA molecule unwinds in replication Which type of act on starch present constitutive The genetic material must be a, b, c, and d A mesophile would most likely be killed at what temperature 50 degrees celcius Bonding glucose molecules to form starch and producing water as a byproduct is Dehydration synthesis The bases arranged in the middle of a DNA molecule are attracted by hydrogen bons This carries the genetic code to the ribosome to be translated into an amino acid code mRNA This enzyme is known to act on starch and protein ectoenzyme This composes part of the ribosome rRNA If one knew the sequence of nucleotides in a gene, which of the following protein structures could best be predicted I0 Which is more likely to cause the wrong protein to be made Frame-shift mutation Pleats or helices form secondary Two or more polypeptide chains join to form a larger, more complex structure quaternary Linear chain of amino acids primary Pleats and helices fold on each other, held by H bonds and disulfide links tertiary This molecule determines the sequence of amino acids mRNA Which of the following is not a product of transcription New DNA strand Unit 2 Which of these bacteria would have the longest generation time? Mycobacterium spp. Can a given bacteria hydrolyzed all sugars no Which of these would best survive 95 degree C temperature thermophile At the left side of a graph there is little enzymatic activity. As you look right on the graph, the enzymatic activity increases gradually to an optimal point and then drops quickly to 0 enzymatic activity past this point. What is affecting enzymatic activity in the above graph temperature Which pH would be acidic 1 A noncompetitive inhibitor attaches to the Allosteric site Which of these would best grow at refrigerator temperature psychrophile A lipid contains Fatty acids The rotten-egg odor produced when bacteria break down some protein is Hydrogen sulfide Bacteria for Gram staining are best collected during synchrony Sucrose + H2O --> glucose + fructose hydrolysis This would contain an NH2 (amino) group protein If a bacterium introduced to new medium begins growing immediately it probably has ___ ___ for that medium Constitutive enzyme(s) This molecule contains an anticodon tRNA This carries an amino acid to the mRNA attached to the ribosome tRNA The protein part of an enzyme is the apoenzyme The sour Kraus and tomato juice have a pH in what range? acidic The process by which DNA is copied is replication Which microbe would be better suited to grow in/on orange juice fungus This binds (attaches) to the active site Competitive inhibitor Enzymes can A, B, C, and D Which of these allows for objects of low mass but greater density than water to remain on the surface of water Surface tension An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called Induced enzyme Which of these is not an example of a carb vegetable oil Which microbe is better suited to grow in/on high sugar foods fungus Ribose would be found in RNA Growth=Death: Stat phase Population might crash: Death phase Induced enzymes produced: Lag phase Best time to Gram stain: Log growth phase Endoscope formation begins: Log growth phase A saturated fatty acid tends to be which at room temperature solid A short fatty acid tends to be which at room temperature liquid There are how many different amino acids 20 Two amino acids bonded together are dipeptide Only a portion of a gene is read at any given time to make RNA during transcription A codon is every three bases on the mRNA The attractions between two different water molecules are called H bonds This would not be found in DNA Uracil Bacteria reproduce by Binary fission Generation time of a bacteria can be as short as 10 minutes A nucleotide does not contain sulphur An example of a nucleotide-containing molecule All the above Which of these is the largest molecule polysaccharide The H:O in a carb is 2:1 Which of these would be considered organic C6H12O6 Lipids All the above The more dangerous form of Staphylococcus aureus is Coagulase + Pili are formed and plasma transferred: conjugation Viruses transfer DNA fragments: transduction Griffith found DNA to move from dead to live organism: transformation Barbara McClintock studied these on corn: transposons Genes are inserted into bacteria to produce insulin: genetic engineering Carbohydrates All of the above This reduces activation energy enzyme An anticodon consists of three bases on the tRNA This enzyme is produced by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus and slows the leukocytes from reaching them coagulase Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by A, B, and C Proteins are composed of long chains of Amino acids A broth tube shows abundant growth at the top and less growth in the subsurface and bottom. This describes a Facultative anaerobe Pathogenic bacteria would be described as chemoheterotrophs Mental survey of the hospital you work in shows many AIDS patients who have died from lung infections. You suspect Pneumocystis carinii This organism caused an illness outbreak in Milwaukee, WI and has been found in water supplies across the country cryptosporidium Which of these might grow the longest tapeworm This worm may migrate from the intestine to naval or nose ascaris This might be encrypted in bear meat or pork trichinella All the following arthropods transmit diseases while sucking blood from the host except housefly Roundworms are placed in the group nematoda An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps Release from host cell An example of a latent (non-acute) viral infection is herpes A gulf war vet was bitten by sandflies while stationed in the Middle East. He develops disfigurement of the skin. You suspect: leishmania Giardia All the other choices Lysogeny is Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA The encrypted larva of the pork tapeworm in the intermediate host is called the cycticercus Which of the following represents Ciliata trypanosoma Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton might cause Ringworm, athletes' foot Fungi, more often than bacteria, are responsible for decomposition of plant material because They can tolerate low moisture conditions The common cold is caused by over 200 viruses. The two main groups are Rhino and adeno viruses You visit a patient who suffers from AIDS. He has explosive diarrhea and liver damage. You suspect: Entamoeba histolytica This structure may allow bacterium to survive centuries endospore Chaga's disease (SA sleeping sickness) is spread by Triatoma (true bug) This worm is transmitted by deerfly bite and its form may appear under the epithelium of skin or eye Loa loa Which represents sarcodines entamoeba Which of these would not be involved in dermatitis aspergillus This could be inhaled coccidiodes, blastomyes, aspergillus This generally appears above the waist as cold sores Herpes simplex I Which of the following causes symptoms on multiples of 24 hours plasmodium Which of the following systems in a parasitic helminth is not greatly reduced compared to free living helminths reproduction one chlorinates a supply of water taken from a clean lake but develops diarrhea later: this points to giardia HIV enters the cell here CD4 marker Which of the following show separate male and female organisms All but d A person shows you a worm (wrapped on a matchstick) that has emerged from their foot after a trip to Asia. This person drank water form the local wells. You suggest this person has: Dracunaculus You travel to the most fertile part of Africa and find that people are slipping into comas and dying after being bitten by a small fly. You might have trypanosoma The ability of a virus to infect an organism is regulated by All of the above these are more developed and show sexual dimorphism (dioecious) nematodes which of the following infections might be mistaken for tuberculosis coccidiomycosis ________________________________________________________________ Unit 3 bacteriophages differ most from animal viruses by host penetration ancylostoma and necator are described as hookworms If a person began to hallucinate after eating some bread, you might consider ergot One should avoid bird manure to prevent cryptococcus all of the following statements about protozoan are true except Most are multicellular A child constantly "digging" at his/her angus and later the other siblings suffering anal itching points to pinworm A cysticercus might be formed by tapeworm This is found in the Mississippi and Ohio River areas and thrives on bird manure histoplasma Hookworms Burrow through skin The condition of a phage entering a cell and causing the cell to release more viruses and die is: Lyric cycle The fungal component similar to ours is: ergosterol In which of the following ways do visions differ from bacteria Visions are not composed of cells All of the following about Deuteromycota are true except No asexual spores have been found in members of this group All of the following statements about fungi are true except All fungi are unicellular elephantiasis is caused by wuchereria A slight change in antigenic properties is called Antigenic drift A pregnant woman in your family is told by the veterinarian to get rid of her cat. She asks you why toxoplasma Which of these sporozoans causes birth defects in unborn children toxoplasma this causes chicken pox and shjingles Varicella-zoster An infectious agent made up of only protein is a prion All of the following statements about helminth are true except All are parasites Which organism ensures a mating partner by the male holding the female in its groove schistosoma Tapeworms are placed in the group cestoda