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Unit 1
What type of bacteria form fimbrae?
Gram negative
What does streptococcus pneumonia form to escape the immune system?
Capsules
What is the size a eukaryotic ribosomes?
80s
What do eukaryotic cells have that bacterial cells do not?
nucleus
The movement of the bacterial flagellum would be described as
spinning
How might a bacteriologist use inclusions?
Identify bacteria
How does a plasmid compare in size to the bacterial chromosome?
1/10 the size of the chromosome
Circular DNA is found in which type of organism?
prokaryotic
Yersinia Pettis causes what disease?
Bubonic Plague
Fungi contain this in their cell wall
chitin
What stimulates production of endoscopes?
Waste products/toxin, decreased nutrients
the Japanese invested millions of dollars to study this
flagella
What structure is formed to aid in conjugation?
pilus
Plasmid might contain genetic information for
All these
what do Mycoplasma bacteria lack?
Cell wall
How do the drugs, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or streptomycin act on a bacterial cell?
Inhibit protein synthesis
Neisseria gonorrhea uses this/these to attach to the urethra
fimbriae
Here do many of the metabolic activities of a bacterial cell occur?
Plasma membrane
how does one destroy endoscopes to make food safe?
High heat and pressure
Are strains of Escherichia coli considered to be one species?
yes
What type of ribosomes is found in the mitochondria?
70s
Hat is the cytosol?
Water portion of cytoplasma
What size are bacterial ribosomes?
70s
What type of solution would cause an animal cell to shrivel
hypertonic
Lipid A is sometimes found in the outer membrane of what bacteria?
Gram negative
Bacillus and Clostridium both have this in common
endospores
What disease was spread by smearing swords in horse manure before battle?
tetanus
Streptococcus mutants produces this to attach to teeth
capsule
prokaryotic refers to
bacteria
What structure in gram negative cells impedes the action of penicillin?
Outer membrane
bacteria contain what chemical in their cell wall
peptidoglycan
How many kingdoms are there according to Whitaker?
5
What disease did Jenner's vaccine prevent?
smallpox
plants contain this in the cell wall
cellulose
The carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and sewage disposal are examples of what bacterial importance
Decomposition and mineralization
Pasteur first developed the process of pasteurization for what beverage
wine
Are strains of Escherichia coli considered to be one species
yes
Ergosterol is found in the plasma membrane of
fungi
This microbiologist worked with gelatin and potato and first used agar as a solid medium
Koch
Attenuated microorganisms were used for the polio vaccination by
Salk
What early civilization recognized weaker symptoms of smallpox
Chinese
First to demonstrate aseptic surgery
lister
bacteria contain what chemical in their cell wall
peptidoglycan
Fungi contain this in their cell wall
chitin
First used the term cell
hooke
Prokaryotic refers to
bacteria
Pasteur developed a vaccine against what viral killer
rabies
What is the largest designation in classifying organisms
kingdom
Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
Pasteur
This scientist developed vaccines for chicken cholera, rabies, anthrax, and others
Pasteur
What bacterium did Kock work with that caused consumption
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A scientific name includes
Genus and species
Who provided the system of binomial nomenclature
linnaeus
Who produced the first vaccine
Jenner
who advised doctors to wash hands between parties and was rejected by his colleagues
Semmelweiss
Who showed how to perform tests under aseptic conditions
lister
Who discovered penicillin
fleming
who introduced acid fast staining procedures and showed one colony=one bacterium
koch
who tried 606 chemicals to discover salvarsin
ehrlich
this person made many microscopes and increased interest in microbes
Van Leeuwenhoek
His person invented the first microscope around 1600
jansen
Discovered antibiotic from Actinomycetes
waksman
Demonstrated food preservation by canning
appert
When did the modern age of microbiology begin?
1940-50
This scientist discovered Prontosil which contains sulfur
Domagk
What antibiotic was discovered in the 1920's but not used until the 1940's
penicillin
When was the golden age of microbiology
Last half of the 1800's
The two new DNA molecules produced from the parent molecule are
identical
Physical characteristics or products of gene expression are
phenotype
Glucose + Fructose --> sucrose + H2O
Dehydration synthesis
All living organisms contain lipid in their
Plasma membrane
In a water molecule the oxygen is slightly negative and the hydrogen are slightly
positive
Amino acids are joined by
Peptide bonds
One puts bacteria in an autoclave and kills them. Enough heat is put into the proteins to cause the
helices and pleats to unfold/unwind. The same bonds one finds between water molecules are
broken
Hydrogen bonds
The entire DNA molecule unwinds in
replication
Which type of act on starch present
constitutive
The genetic material must be
a, b, c, and d
A mesophile would most likely be killed at what temperature
50 degrees celcius
Bonding glucose molecules to form starch and producing water as a byproduct is
Dehydration synthesis
The bases arranged in the middle of a DNA molecule are attracted by
hydrogen bons
This carries the genetic code to the ribosome to be translated into an amino acid code
mRNA
This enzyme is known to act on starch and protein
ectoenzyme
This composes part of the ribosome
rRNA
If one knew the sequence of nucleotides in a gene, which of the following protein structures
could best be predicted
I0
Which is more likely to cause the wrong protein to be made
Frame-shift mutation
Pleats or helices form
secondary
Two or more polypeptide chains join to form a larger, more complex structure
quaternary
Linear chain of amino acids
primary
Pleats and helices fold on each other, held by H bonds and disulfide links
tertiary
This molecule determines the sequence of amino acids
mRNA
Which of the following is not a product of transcription
New DNA strand
Unit 2
Which of these bacteria would have the longest generation time?
Mycobacterium spp.
Can a given bacteria hydrolyzed all sugars
no
Which of these would best survive 95 degree C temperature
thermophile
At the left side of a graph there is little enzymatic activity. As you look right on the graph, the
enzymatic activity increases gradually to an optimal point and then drops quickly to 0 enzymatic
activity past this point. What is affecting enzymatic activity in the above graph
temperature
Which pH would be acidic
1
A noncompetitive inhibitor attaches to the
Allosteric site
Which of these would best grow at refrigerator temperature
psychrophile
A lipid contains
Fatty acids
The rotten-egg odor produced when bacteria break down some protein is
Hydrogen sulfide
Bacteria for Gram staining are best collected during
synchrony
Sucrose + H2O --> glucose + fructose
hydrolysis
This would contain an NH2 (amino) group
protein
If a bacterium introduced to new medium begins growing immediately it probably has ___ ___
for that medium
Constitutive enzyme(s)
This molecule contains an anticodon
tRNA
This carries an amino acid to the mRNA attached to the ribosome
tRNA
The protein part of an enzyme is the
apoenzyme
The sour Kraus and tomato juice have a pH in what range?
acidic
The process by which DNA is copied is
replication
Which microbe would be better suited to grow in/on orange juice
fungus
This binds (attaches) to the active site
Competitive inhibitor
Enzymes can
A, B, C, and D
Which of these allows for objects of low mass but greater density than water to remain on the
surface of water
Surface tension
An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called
Induced enzyme
Which of these is not an example of a carb
vegetable oil
Which microbe is better suited to grow in/on high sugar foods
fungus
Ribose would be found in
RNA
Growth=Death:
Stat phase
Population might crash:
Death phase
Induced enzymes produced:
Lag phase
Best time to Gram stain:
Log growth phase
Endoscope formation begins:
Log growth phase
A saturated fatty acid tends to be which at room temperature
solid
A short fatty acid tends to be which at room temperature
liquid
There are how many different amino acids
20
Two amino acids bonded together are
dipeptide
Only a portion of a gene is read at any given time to make RNA during
transcription
A codon is every three bases on the
mRNA
The attractions between two different water molecules are called
H bonds
This would not be found in DNA
Uracil
Bacteria reproduce by
Binary fission
Generation time of a bacteria can be as short as
10 minutes
A nucleotide does not contain
sulphur
An example of a nucleotide-containing molecule
All the above
Which of these is the largest molecule
polysaccharide
The H:O in a carb is
2:1
Which of these would be considered organic
C6H12O6
Lipids
All the above
The more dangerous form of Staphylococcus aureus is
Coagulase +
Pili are formed and plasma transferred:
conjugation
Viruses transfer DNA fragments:
transduction
Griffith found DNA to move from dead to live organism:
transformation
Barbara McClintock studied these on corn:
transposons
Genes are inserted into bacteria to produce insulin:
genetic engineering
Carbohydrates
All of the above
This reduces activation energy
enzyme
An anticodon consists of three bases on the
tRNA
This enzyme is produced by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus and slows the leukocytes from
reaching them
coagulase
Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by
A, B, and C
Proteins are composed of long chains of
Amino acids
A broth tube shows abundant growth at the top and less growth in the subsurface and bottom.
This describes a
Facultative anaerobe
Pathogenic bacteria would be described as
chemoheterotrophs
Mental survey of the hospital you work in shows many AIDS patients who have died from lung
infections. You suspect
Pneumocystis carinii
This organism caused an illness outbreak in Milwaukee, WI and has been found in water
supplies across the country
cryptosporidium
Which of these might grow the longest
tapeworm
This worm may migrate from the intestine to naval or nose
ascaris
This might be encrypted in bear meat or pork
trichinella
All the following arthropods transmit diseases while sucking blood from the host except
housefly
Roundworms are placed in the group
nematoda
An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps
Release from host cell
An example of a latent (non-acute) viral infection is
herpes
A gulf war vet was bitten by sandflies while stationed in the Middle East. He develops
disfigurement of the skin. You suspect:
leishmania
Giardia
All the other choices
Lysogeny is
Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA
The encrypted larva of the pork tapeworm in the intermediate host is called the
cycticercus
Which of the following represents Ciliata
trypanosoma
Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton might cause
Ringworm, athletes' foot
Fungi, more often than bacteria, are responsible for decomposition of plant material because
They can tolerate low moisture conditions
The common cold is caused by over 200 viruses. The two main groups are
Rhino and adeno viruses
You visit a patient who suffers from AIDS. He has explosive diarrhea and liver damage. You
suspect:
Entamoeba histolytica
This structure may allow bacterium to survive centuries
endospore
Chaga's disease (SA sleeping sickness) is spread by
Triatoma (true bug)
This worm is transmitted by deerfly bite and its form may appear under the epithelium of skin or
eye
Loa loa
Which represents sarcodines
entamoeba
Which of these would not be involved in dermatitis
aspergillus
This could be inhaled
coccidiodes, blastomyes, aspergillus
This generally appears above the waist as cold sores
Herpes simplex I
Which of the following causes symptoms on multiples of 24 hours
plasmodium
Which of the following systems in a parasitic helminth is not greatly reduced compared to free
living helminths
reproduction
one chlorinates a supply of water taken from a clean lake but develops diarrhea later: this points
to
giardia
HIV enters the cell here
CD4 marker
Which of the following show separate male and female organisms
All but d
A person shows you a worm (wrapped on a matchstick) that has emerged from their foot after a
trip to Asia. This person drank water form the local wells. You suggest this person has:
Dracunaculus
You travel to the most fertile part of Africa and find that people are slipping into comas and
dying after being bitten by a small fly. You might have
trypanosoma
The ability of a virus to infect an organism is regulated by
All of the above
these are more developed and show sexual dimorphism (dioecious)
nematodes
which of the following infections might be mistaken for tuberculosis
coccidiomycosis
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Unit 3
bacteriophages differ most from animal viruses by
host penetration
ancylostoma and necator are described as
hookworms
If a person began to hallucinate after eating some bread, you might consider
ergot
One should avoid bird manure to prevent
cryptococcus
all of the following statements about protozoan are true except
Most are multicellular
A child constantly "digging" at his/her angus and later the other siblings suffering anal itching
points to
pinworm
A cysticercus might be formed by
tapeworm
This is found in the Mississippi and Ohio River areas and thrives on bird manure
histoplasma
Hookworms
Burrow through skin
The condition of a phage entering a cell and causing the cell to release more viruses and die is:
Lyric cycle
The fungal component similar to ours is:
ergosterol
In which of the following ways do visions differ from bacteria
Visions are not composed of cells
All of the following about Deuteromycota are true except
No asexual spores have been found in members of this group
All of the following statements about fungi are true except
All fungi are unicellular
elephantiasis is caused by
wuchereria
A slight change in antigenic properties is called
Antigenic drift
A pregnant woman in your family is told by the veterinarian to get rid of her cat. She asks you
why
toxoplasma
Which of these sporozoans causes birth defects in unborn children
toxoplasma
this causes chicken pox and shjingles
Varicella-zoster
An infectious agent made up of only protein is a
prion
All of the following statements about helminth are true except
All are parasites
Which organism ensures a mating partner by the male holding the female in its groove
schistosoma
Tapeworms are placed in the group
cestoda