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Name KEY Date Class GT Benchmark Review Hydrosphere & Atmosphere Complete the Chart Vocabulary Term Rotation Definition Responsible for what event Spinning of the Earth on an axis Diagram Term Be sure to label Day & Night Coriolis Effect Seasons The movement of Revolution the Earth around the sun. What are the three forms of heat transfer? RADIATION CONVECTION CONDUCTION What is the initial energy source for the movement in the atmosphere illustrated in the diagram? SUN This is an illustration of what type of heat transfer? CONVECTION Complete the diagram with the correct heat transfer. Use this illustration to indicate the factors that determine how are clouds formed? CONVECTION CONDUCTION 3 1 2 RADIATION 1. WARM, MOIST AIR RISES FROM THE SURFACE. AS AIR RISES, IT COOLS 2. AT A CERTAIN HEIGHT, AIR COOLS TO THE DEW POINT AND CONDENSATION BEGINS 3. WATER VAPOR CONDENSES ON TINY PARTICLES IN THE AIR, FORMING CLOUDS The pictures below are instruments used to measure a particular weather factor. Label each picture and name the weather factor it is responsible for measuring. 1 2 3 Instrument Name Weather Factor 1. THERMOMETER TEMPERATURE 2. BAROMETER AIR PRESSURE 3. ANEMOMETER WIND SPEED Name the three factors that influence the moon phases? 1. MOON - ALIGNMENT IN RELATION TO EARTH & SUN 2. EARTH - WHERE WE ARE ON EARTH 3. SUN - LIGHT REFLECTED FROM SUN A large, dark cumulonimbus cloud, with a warning of potential thunderstorm, is associated with what type of weather front? Cold air moves downward. COLD FRONT Hurricanes typically form with which type of weather conditions? WARM WATER & MOIST AIR What causes wind? DIFFERENCES IN AIR PRESSURE OR UNEQUAL HEATING & COOLING OF EARTH’S SURFACES This movement is called CONVECTION CURRENTS Predict what type of weather Wilmington, North Carolina will have in the summer and what climate factor is most likely responsible. Explain. FACTORS MOST LIKELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WEATHER Wilmington, NC IN NORTH CAROLINA; DISTANCE FROM LARGE BODIES OF WATER AND OCEAN CURRENTS. SINCE WILMINGTON IS RIGHT ON THE COAST, THE GULF STREAM BRINGS WARM WATER CURRENTS. THUNDERSTORMS HOT SUMMER WITH RAIN & What type of climate occurs in the inside of a continent on the east side of a mountain range? Why? Winds blow from west to east. BY THE TIME THE AIR FROM THE OCEAN MOVES OVER THE MOUNTIANS IT HAS LOST MOST OF THE WATER VAPOR SO IT IS WARM AND DRY Warm, moist air blows in from the ocean and is pushed up by the mountains. Windward Side As the air rises, it cools and water vapor condenses. Moisture in the air is released as precipitation. The decreasing air has little moisture. The dry air warms up as it sinks. Leeward Side The curvature of global winds and ocean surface currents are caused by known as the EARTH’S ROTATION otherwise CORIOLIS EFFECT Over 75 covered in It is found in . % of Earth’s surface is WATER . OCEAN , LAKES , and a variety of other sources. All of Earth’s water makes up what scientist call the HYDROSPHERE . You started your sand castle when you first got to the beach, your mom said you needed to come and eat lunch. When you came back you noticed that the water was much closer than it was before. What is the cause of the change in the water level? Label each section of the water cycle according to the number on the diagram. TIDES 1. SUN - RADIATION 2. CONDENSATION 3. EVAPORATION 4. PRECIPITATION 5. ACCUMULATION/COLLECTION NORTHERN HEMISPHERE Label each season and explain why Earth is in that season at each location. D SPRING A. WINTER-AXIS IS AWAY FROM SUN B. A WINTER C SUMMER FALL- AXIS IS EQUAL DISTANCE FROM SUN C. SUMMER- AXIS IS TOWARD THE SUN D. B FALL SPRING-AXIS IS EQUAL DISTANCE FROM SUN List the layers of Earth’s atmosphere. EXOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE IONOSPHERE MESOSPHERE Which layer of the atmosphere do we live? STRATOSPHERE TROPOSPHERE What is the most abundant gas in this layer? TROPOSPHERE NITROGEN AT 78% What is weather? THE CONDITION OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE AT A PARTICULAR PLACE AND TIME Name the factors that affect weather. What is climate? AIR PRESSURE, PRECIPITATION & WIND SPEED THE AVG. CONDITIONS OF TEMP. PRECIP. WINDS & CLOUDS IN AN AREA Name the factors that affect climate. Why does Pluto have the longest Solar Year? PLUTO IS FURTHEST FROM THE SUN SO IT HAS THE LONGEST PERIOD OF REVOLUTION. TEMPERATURE & PRECIPITATION Which area will experience higher temperatures? Why? THE AREA AROUND THE EQUATOR WILL EXPERIENCE HIGHER TEMP. BECAUSE THE SUN’S RAYS HIT THE EARTH MORE DIRECTLY AND THE ENERGY IS MORE INTENSE. THE AREA AT THE POLES RECEIVES INDIRECT RAYS THEREFORE THE SUN’S ENERGY IS LESS INTENSE. (LOWER TEMPERATURES) Identify the types of air masses and describe the type of weather you would expect when these two masses meet. TORNADOES OCCUR MORE A COLD, DRY AIR MOVES SOUTH OFTEN IN THIS AREA BECAUSE A WARM HUMID AIR MASS MOVES NORTH AND A COLD DRY AIR MASS MOVES THOUGH AND WHEN THEY MEET THE COLD AIR FORCES THE WARM AIR TO RISE. B WARM, HUMID AIR MOVES NORTH Explain why hurricanes typically form during the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere? FOR HURRICANES TO FORM THEY NEED WARM WATER AND MOIST AIR WHICH OCCURS DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE B/C THE EARTH IS TILTED CLOSER TO THE SUN.