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Quarter 2 CFA One Study Guide 1. Surface currents are controlled by global winds, the Coriolis Effect, and continental deflections. 2. The wind is caused by differences in air pressure. 3. What happens to most of the solar energy that reaches Earth’s atmosphere? It is absorbed by the land and ocean 4. The density of the ocean water increases when its temperature decreases 5. What happens to a surface current when it deflects a continent? It changes directions 6. Convection is the transfer of energy by the circulation of gases or liquids. 7. What causes differences in air pressure around the Earth? Warm air rises at the equator, and cold air sinks at the poles. 8. What causes water from deep currents to rise to the surface to replace warm currents? the flow of warm currents from the equator toward the poles 9. The Earth’s Rotation causes the curved paths of global winds and surface currents. 10. Wind occurs because of differences in air pressure. 11. Why does warm air rise and cold air sink? Warm air is less dense than cold air which makes it rise. Cold air is more dense which makes it sink 12. Convection is the method by which most thermal circulates in the atmosphere. 13. Ocean currents flow from east to west near the equator. 14. Wind formation occurs when solar energy-warm air rises, then air cools in the upper atmosphere and sinks=air currents. 15. What best describes the wind? Moving air-caused by differences in air pressure when the atmosphere is warmed by the sun. The greater the pressure difference the faster the wind moves. 16. What is a renewable resource of energy that drives the wind? Sun 17. Air is warmer and less dense than surrounding air at the equator because the equator receives more solar energy.