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International Union of Forest Research Organizations Union Internationale Unión Internacional Internationaler des Instituts de de Organizaciones de Verband Forstlicher Recherches Forestières Investigación Forestal Forschungsanstalten IUFRO Meeting Report Form Organizers of IUFRO meetings and IUFRO focal persons at IUFRO co-sponsored meetings, respectively, are kindly requested to fill in and return this form within two weeks after the meeting by email ([email protected]), fax (+43-1-877 01 51-50) or mail (IUFRO Headquarters, c/o BFW, Hauptstrasse 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria). This information will be posted at the relevant IUFRO web pages and may be used for IUFRO News and the IUFRO Annual Report. (Note: Save this file under a new name and write directly into the form.) 1) IUFRO focal person/meeting organizer: Name: Richard A. Sniezko Function in IUFRO: Deputy Coordinator 2.02.15, and meeting organizer Email: [email protected] 2) Meeting report (max. 100 words per paragraph) Key issues discussed/latest findings in the field: a) More than ever, non-native invasive and native insects & pathogens continue to heavily impact our natural ecosystems and managed forests. b) Natural genetic resistance is a key (and sometimes perhaps only) solution to viable reforestation or restorations efforts; it also potentially represents a ‘green’, organic, sustainable path. c) Several applied resistance programs have made key strides and resistant seed is available and being utilized; these programs provide a framework for even more efficient work in the future for the programs that are just beginning. d) Research, including in the field of genomics, is needed to help guide and fast-track applied programs. Climate change is likely to escalate the biotic (and abiotic) threats to forest ecosystems and understanding the genetic variation within trees, their pests, and interactions with the environment will help managers and the public discern the most viable management options for the future. e) Long-live perennials such as trees face multiple threats and understanding & utilizing any possible cross resistances is vital. Conclusions (if possible, summarize key conclusions across presentations): Knowledge and use of genetic resistance is a key tool for managers in helping maintain healthy native and managed forests and urban plantings. Knowledge of this resistance allows managers to potentially be more proactive in some practices. There are different types of resistance and determining which types or combinations will be durable is key for tree species whether in managed plantations, restoration plantings or urban forests. Expertise from an array of disciplines including genetics, pathology, entomology, evolutionary biology and silviculture is needed to move applied resistance programs forth in the most efficient manner. Efficient, short-term screening methodologies are vital to screening the hundreds or thousands of progenies or parents to uncover the relatively rare resistant trees. Field trials from the more advanced resistance programs are now starting to provide validation of the short-term screenings and further inputs on site hazard and efficacy of resistance under different environmental conditions. This workshop brought together a unique grouping of expertises and the consensus was that more frequent interactions from this group would be fruitful. Outlook to future activities (proceedings, future meetings, other): A proceedings is planned. Interest in this topic was very high and several groups are interested in potentially hosting the next meeting – likely in 2 or 3 years. The live webcast (done somewhat experimentally) was a new feature to these types of meetings and allowed scientists unable to travel to view presentations of interest. Background information (meeting context): Native and non-native pathogens, insects and animals continue to negatively impact forest ecosystems and plantations worldwide. Climate change will alter host-damage agent relationships and may increase detrimental impacts from many biotic agents. Genetic resistance within tree species is a key element to maintaining forest health. Utilizing genetic resistance is one of the few management options available to combat the impacts of insects, animals and pathogens. Resistance programs, including resistance breeding, will be vital as they increase the efficiency in utilizing genetic variation to maintain or restore forest health when mortality or damage becomes unacceptably high. Resistance research and breeding has been underway in some forest tree species for over 50 years. An informal survey completed in 2008 provides a snapshot of the level of activity in pest resistant breeding around the world. A review (Sniezko 2006, Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 28: S270– S279) provides a partial update on four programs in the United States. Yanchuk & Allard 2009 discusses tree improvement programs for forest health in the presence of climate change (Yanchuk & Allard 2009, Unasylva 231/232 Vol. 60: 50-56). With climate change and continued invasion by nonnative pathogens and insects, the contributions of resistance breeding to forests and ecosystems in the future are needed more than ever. The purpose of this workshop is to advance progress in genetic resistance programs by fostering collaboration between scientific and management communities from throughout the world. It has been three decades since the last international workshop on ‘Resistance Breeding in Forest Trees to Pathogens and Insects’. During this time, ongoing resistance programs have made significant progress, and several new serious insect and pathogen problems have arisen. Scientists, land managers and policy-makers with experience in genetics, tree breeding, pathology, entomology, physiology, evolutionary biology, forestry and other related areas will benefit from the exchanges of information. Thank you very much for your kind cooperation! 3) Other information: Most of the participants had not met each other prior to this meeting – the opportunity of the formal and informal exchanges at the meeting have provided the foundation for continued interactions and new collaborations. An evening Statistics Workshop (presented by Dr. F. Isik): ‘Analysis of Categorical Data Using Generalized Models’ was of high interest. Meeting data: Full title of the meeting: Fourth International Workshop on the Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry – Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest Trees Date and venue: July 31 – Aug 5, 2011, Valley River Inn, Eugene, Oregon USA Meeting website: http://ucanr.org/sites/tree_resistance_2011conference/ Number of participants:88 Countries represented: USA, Canada, Brazil, France, Italy, Spain, Finland, Great Britain, Australia, Japan, India, Sweden Organization of the meeting: All IUFRO Units involved: 7.03.11 & 2.02.15 Host organization(s): USDA Forest Service; SPONSORS: IUFRO Working Parties: 7.03.11 (Resistance to Insects) and 2.02.15 (Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-Needle Pines); USDA Forest Service: Western Wildland Environment Threat Assessment Center (WWETAC), Eastern Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center (EWETAC), Pacific Northwest Region (Forest Health Protection & Genetic Resource Programs), Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW);Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW); King Estate Winery; FuturaGene; Starker Forests; University of California Cooperative Extension; California Oak Mortality Task Force. Study tour(s) to: USDA Forest Service’s Dorena Genetic Resource Center & USDI Bureau of Land Management’s Tyrrell Seed Orchard Communication activities (dissemination of information about the meeting; promotion of IUFRO): Through the various working groups as well as wide dissemination through various forest forest pathology/entomology/genetics/silviculture mailing lists. Related publications /websites: http://ucanr.org/sites/tree_resistance_2011conference/ (also note, the meeting was ‘live’ webcast and that webcast is still available at the links from the website. Thank you very much for your kind cooperation!