Download Chapter 17 Test Study Guide ( )

Chapter 17 Packet
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Name_________________________________
Date _____________________ Period ______
1. Use the textbook to complete 1-12, pages 1-2.
2. Watch the 1Symbiosis Song Video (add any notes to page 2).
3. Use the textbook to complete 13-30, pages 3-4.
4. Watch the 2Competition, Predation and Symbiosis Video (add any notes to page 2).
5. Use the textbook to complete 1-18, pages 3-4 .
6. Watch the 3Biome Introduction & 4My Biome Song Video (add any notes to pages 4).
7. Complete the 9 Biome Web Activity on p.5.
8. Color code the Biome map on page 6.
9. Complete the Concept Map on p. 9.
10. Watch the 5What are Aquatic Biomes? Video (add your notes to p. 6) Use book to complete 19-20, p.6
11. Watch the 6Freshwater Biomes? Video (add your notes to p. 6) Use the book to complete 21-23, p. 6
12. Watch the 7What is an Estuary? Video (add your notes to page 6) Use the book to complete 24-25, p.6
13. Watch the 8The Marine Biome Video (add your notes to page 6) Use the book to complete 26-31, p. 6
14. Complete the Chapter 17 Extra Practice, p. 7-8 by ____________________________
Vocabulary for Quiz ( __________________)
coevolution
commensalism
competition
competitive exclusion
fundamental niche
mutualism
niche
parasitism
predation
realized nice
secondary compounds
symbiosis
Chapter 17 Test Study Guide (___________________________)
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Know definitions of the terms from the notes and vocabulary qui study guide.
Be able to describe and identify examples of the three types of symbiosis.
Distinguish between a habitat and niche.
Distinguish between a fundamental niche and realized niche.
Analyze a food web to determine relationships such as competition and predator/prey.
Analyze a food web to accurately predict the effect of removing or increasing an organism will have on the
others.
 Understand the Competitive Exclusion Principle and be able to apply this to examples in an ecosystem.
 Know the two things that determine climate.
 Identify the major biomes (desert, taiga, tundra, grasslands, savannah, forests, etc.) by their climate, flora, and
fauna.
 Identify the major terrestrial biomes in regions of the US and the world based on their climate, flora and fauna.
 Distinguish between the aquatic biomes (marine, freshwater and estuary).
 Give the definition of a secondary compound and be able to give examples of their role in an ecosystem.
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Chapter 17 Reading Guide/Chapter 17 NOTES put together by section
Page 361-370: How organisms interact in communities/How competition shapes communities
Page 361:  Use textbook
1. Ecosystems must be viewed as a web of interactions between many organisms. The back-and-forth evolutionary
adjustments between interacting members of an ecosystem are called ________________.
2. The act of one organism killing another for food is called _______________.
3. The relationship where one organism feeds on another is called ________________. The parasites do not usually
kill their prey, called a ________.
4. Give four examples of external parasites. _____________________________________________________________
5. Give 1 example of an internal parasites. _______________________________________________________________
6. Because plants cannot move it is harder for them to protect themselves from predators. Defensive chemicals that
plants use to ward off __________ (animals that eat plants) are called ______________________ ________________.
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7. The same taste of many plants (mustard, cabbage, radish, and horseradish) are _______ to many groups of insects.
8. The association of two or more species that live together in a close long-term relationship is called ____________.
There are three types of symbiotic relationships _______________, ________________, and ________________.
9. __________________ is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.
10. Aphids and ants are parts of a ________________ relationship. The _______ get food for the _______, the
_____ protect the _________ from predators.
11. ______________ is a symbiotic relationship where one organisms benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.
12. Sea anemones and _______ fish are a good example of ______________. The stinging tentacles of the sea anemone
protect the _______ fish which are not harmed by the stinging because they have a protective mucous layer (but keep
away other predators for the clown fish!).
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Chapter 17 Notes
Plant-animal Interactions/Animal-animal Interactions
Coevolution- changes between 2 or more organisms in response to each other
1Symbiosis Song
Predator/Prey Predation- killing organisms for food
Symbiosis- 2 or more organisms living together
3 types
1. mutualism  /
2. commensalism / ___
3. parasitism  /
Parasite
host
Habitat vs. Niche
- Habitat- where an organisms lives (address)
- Niche- role of an organism (job)
- where it lives
- what resources it uses
- what it eats
- what eats/feeds on it
2 types of niches
1. Fundamental Niche- everything it can possibly use/ eat/ be eaten by
2. Realized niche- part of the fundamental niche that is used
2Competition, Predation...
**Only 1 organism can occupy a niche at any given time**
If any 2 try to fill the same niche competition will occur
Competition- 2 or more organisms trying to use the same limited resources
Competitive Exclusion Principle
When 2 species compete only 1 will win (succeed) the other will
have to adapt, move, or die.
Secondary Compounds- strong chemicals made by plants to deter
animals that eat them (a lot of the spices we eat are
secondary compounds, example- mustard)
Adaptation: any change that helps an organism survive
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(Use the textbook) Page 365:
13. ________________________ happens when two species use the same resource (when resources are in short supply).
14. Give 6 examples of things that species can compete for. _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. The functional role of a particular species in and ecosystem is called its _________ (all of the ways it interacts
with the environment).
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16. A niche may be described in terms of _________ ___________ (where it lives), ________ _________ (what it
eats), ____________ _________ (what climate it can live in), and requirements for moisture and mating.
17. A _________ is often described as how in terms of how the organism affects the flow of _________ within an
ecosystem in which it lives.
18. Sometimes the niches of organisms overlap. If these resources are in short supply then ____________ will occur.
19. The niche of a warbler is influenced by several various such as, the ______________ it prefers, the tie of year it
__________, what it likes to _______, and where on the tree it _________ __ _______.
20. The entire range of resource opportunities an organism is potentially able to occupy within an ecosystem is its
_________________ ________.
21. Use Figure 5 on page 366 to correctly identify each warbler species that lives in different portions of the same
tree.
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
22. The part of the fundamental niche that a species occupies is called its ___________ ________.
Page 367:
23. _______________ can limit how species use resources.
24. If two species are competing, the species that uses the resource more efficiently
will eventually eliminate the other due to ______________ _______________.
25. The graph to the right shows the changes in two populations of herbivores in a grassy
field. A possible reason for these changes is that population____ competed more
successfully for food than population ____ did.
26. If both species can avoid ___________ they can coexist. (If the niche does not overlap too much they are both able to survive).
Page 370:
27. _______________ reduces the effects of competition.
28. The variety of living organisms in an area are called ________________.
29. An increased amount of ________________ leads to greater productivity.
30. Greater ____________ also leads to more stability of an ecosystem.
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USE Textbook Page 371-378: Major biological communities
Page 371:
1. The ___________ of any physical environment determines what organisms live there.
2. ____________ is the prevailing weather conditions in any given area.
3. The two most important elements of climate are __________________ and ___________________.
4. Most organisms are adapted to live within a particular range of temperatures. The growing season of ______________
is primarily influenced by temperature.
5. All organisms require _________.
6. Patterns of _____________ determine an area’s life forms on land.
7. Warm air holds _________ water and cold air holds ___________water.
8. A major biological community that occurs over a large area of land is called a ___________.
9. The seven major terrestrial (land) biomes are
1. ___________________________ 4. ___________________________ 7. ___________________________
2. ___________________________ 5. ___________________________
3. ___________________________ 6. ___________________________
10. Although soil type and wind help determine where biomes are; two key factors are ____________ and ___________.
Page 373:
11. Tropical rainforests is the ______________ community in terms of its biodiversity. They contain
___________ of the world’s species of land dwelling organisms. Tropical rainforests have a high
__________________ ________________ because of the variety and richness of the plants.
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12. Another name for Savannas are the ______ _______________. These are found in tropical areas with very little
_________. There is a wide fluctuation of temperatures and a seasonal _____________ (no rain). Animals are only active
during the __________ season.
13. ____________________ ___________ (spruce and fir) grow in the cold, wet climate of the Taiga.
____________ are long and cold, and precipitation falls mainly in the ___________. Some example of
______________ are elk, moose and deer; some examples of _____________ wolves, bears, and lynxes.
14. The Tundra has very little precipitation and is covered by ice called _____________. Examples of mammals that live
in the tundra are __________, ____________, _______, and ____________.
15. Dessert have very little ____________________ with large temperature fluctuations between day and night.
16. The temperate grasslands or ______________ are covered with fertile soil which supports plants and grazing animals.
The midsection of the North America is an example of the grasslands.
17. Temperate deciduous forest get their name because the trees shed their ___________ in the fall. The eastern United
States is an example of this biome with mild climate and plentiful rain. (This is where we live!)
18. Temperate evergreen forest covers areas with different soil and _________ weather. Even drier areas where shrubs
occur are called the _________________.
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Biomes: a large terrestrial region with a defining climate that supports
3Biome Intro
certain plants and animals with adaptations particular to the environment
Biomes are defined by:
1. Climate
a. Precipitation
b. Temperature
2. Types of organisms
a. Plants
b. Animals
Tundra (Artic)
Cold/Dry
Winters- 24 hours of darkness
Permafrost- permanently frozen ice
Life: caribou, bears, fox, wolves, migrating birds, insects, and short plants
4My Biome
Taiga (Boreal)
Cold and Snowy
Snow insulates the trees
Life: coniferous trees (with needles), voles, migrating birds, marmot, caribou
Temperate Forests
Coniferous
Deciduous
Harsh winters/dry
Variety of seasons/rainfall
Evergreen (pine) trees
Deciduous trees (oak, maple, poplar)
Life: deer, squirrel, woodpeckers, black bear, insects
Tropical Rainforest
Warm, heavy rainfall all year
Greatest biodiversity
Life: poison arrow frog, toucan, insects, spider monkey
Coevolution: many organisms that live in the rainforest change in response to each other over time
Chaparral
Winters-cool/wet
Summers-hot/dry
Fires- help with re-growth (succession)
Life: deer, squirrels, birds, snakes, mountain lion
Savanna (grasslands)
Areas between forests and deserts
Most fertile soil
Grasses are used to grazing, fires, and extreme temperatures
Life: zebras, lions, wildebeest, Meer cats, bison, jackals, pronghorn
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Desert
Little rainfall
Huge fluctuations between day and night temperatures
Life: big horn sheep, camel, kangaroo rat, rabbits, snakes, lizards, birds
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Biomes of the World Web Activity
An adaptation is any characteristic or structure by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and reproduce in its
environment.
A biome is a large community defined by the climate, dominant plants (flora) and animals (fauna) that occupy it.
Climate is the weather in an area made up of temperature and precipitation
Coniferous Forest (Taiga)
Climate-__________, _________________ winters
Plant adaptations –Coniferous Trees have _________________ instead of leaves to prevent freezing
Animal adaptations- Deer, bear, birds may ________________________ or ______________________ during winter
Deciduous Forest
Climate- ____________ weather, summers ____________, winters ________ with _______________, ________ rainfall
Plant adaptations –. Trees lose their ___________________ once a year
Tropical Rainforests
Geography- located along the _____________________ of the Earth
Climate- Temperature range- ______________, _______________year round
This biome is filled with __________________ of plants and animals types of animals and plants, more than all the other
_______________combined.
Fresh Water (lakes, ponds, rivers and streams)
Climate- _____________ are still, rivers and streams are ________________
Animal adaptations- Animals that live in rivers or streams need ____________________ in order to survive.
_________________________ are places where fresh and salt-water habitats come together.
Oceans (marine/seawater)
Geography- cover over ____________% of the earth's surface
Tundra
Climate and geography- ________________ parts of the earth, too _________ for many animals/plants to survive
Land is covered with___________most of the year, called (Permafrost ) with much of the ground frozen year round.
Summers are __________ and many animals ____________________ to survive the cold winter.
Name four types of animals that can live in the tundra during the summer months.: _________________________
Savannah
Climate- _____________, _______________ biome
Main plant- __________________________________
Animal Examples- ____________________________________________________________
Almost _______% of the Earth are savannahs
Give five other names for a savannah- ________________________________________________
Desert
Climate- ________, ____________ climate, little rainfall, nights can be very ________
Plant adaptations – Plants have adaptations to conserve or protect their _________________ storage (cactus).
Animal adaptations- Marmots, prairie dogs, snakes and lizards live _________________________ for much of the day or
hide under _______________when the sun is out.
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10/11/12/13
Page 376:
19. Give three examples of freshwater habitats: ______________, _______________, and _____________.
20. Ponds and lakes have ____ zones in which organisms live.
21. __________________ _____________is a shallow zone near the shore. Organisms like _____________ _______,
__________________, ________________and _________ live here.
22. ________________ ______________ is the area farthest away from the shore, but close to the surface. Organisms
like __________________, __________________ and _________ live here.
23. __________________ __________is the deep water zone that is below where light can reach. Organisms like
_________ and ____________ live here.
24. Give three examples of wetlands: ______________, _______________, and _____________.
25. Water- tolerant plants called ________________ are found in the wetlands.
26. Nearly ______ of the Earth is covered by the oceans.
27. The ___________________ ____________ is the seashore between high and low tide.
28. What are plankton? _______________________________________________________________________________
29. Give examples of organisms that make up plankton? ____________________________________________________
30. Why are plankton so important to the ecosystem?_______________________________________________________
31. What part of the ocean rivals the tropical rainforest in terms of its biodiversity? _______________________________
10/11/12/13
Aquatic Biomes
5What are the Aquatic Biomes?
6Freshwater Biomes
7What is an Estuary?
8The Marine Biome
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Chapter 17 Extra Practice
1. When two or more species evolve in response to each other, it is called ____________________.
2. The general term for the biotic relationship in which one organism feeds upon another is ____________________, benefits
ecosystems by reducing competition and promoting stability and productivity.
3. The term ______________ is used to describe a close relationship between two dissimilar organisms in which one organism
usually benefits (there are three types of this).
4. A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and another is often harmed but not killed is called ____________.
5. In a parasitic relationship, the organism that provides benefits to another organism at its own expense is called the ______.
6. Parasitism is considered a special case of
____________________.
7. The symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other neither benefits nor suffers harm is called ______.
8. The struggle among organisms for the same limited natural resources is called ____________________.
9. A(n) _______ describes the habitat, feeding habits, other aspects of an organism’s biology, and its interactions with other organisms
and the environment (what it eats, when it eats, and where it eats) .
10. If an insect keeps predators away from a plant and the plant provides shelter and food for that insect then this is an
example of ____________________.
11. If two animals both eat the same plant we can call them ________________.
12. If a tree provides nutrients and space for another plant on it, but the plant does nothing for the tree it is called ____________.
13. If an animal provided nutrients and a place to live for a tapeworm in its intestines it is an example of ______________.
14. The total niche that an organism is potentially able to use within an ecosystem is called that organism’s _________ _____.
15. Local elimination of one competing species is called ________________ ____________________.
16. The variety of organisms in a community is called ____________________.
17. The prevailing weather conditions in any given area is called the area’s ____________________.The most important elements of
climate are _______________ and _________________.
18. A major biological community that occurs over a large area of land is called a(n) ____________________.
19. The thick, continually frozen layer of ground found in the northern tundra is called ____________________.
20. The biome that makes up most of the central part of the continental United States is ___________ ________.
21. The greatest diversity of life in the ocean is found in _____________ ocean waters.
22. Almost all of the Earth’s surface water is contained in ______________.
23. Trees that lose their leaves every year are known as ____________________.
24. Elk and moose may live in the _______________, areas that are also the primary source of the world’s lumber.
25. A biome that is characterized by lush vegetation, abundant rain, and year-round warm temperatures is the __________________.
26. Virtually all plants contain defensive chemicals called _____________ _________________.
27. _____________________ are at the base of most aquatic food chains.
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28. A dry grassland known as a(n) ____________________ is the home of elephants, giraffes,
and lions, having open, widely spaced trees and seasonal rainfall.
A food web is shown in the diagram to the right.
29. Which statement best describes a direct result of an increase in the frog population?
a. The raccoon population will decrease.
b. The grasshopper population will increase.
c. The snake population will increase.
d. The worm population will increase.
30.
Which type of biome occupies the largest area of the Earth?
a. marine
b. grassland
c. tropical rain forest
d. temperate deciduous forest
Use the following table to answer questions 31-33.
31.
Which biome is represented by A?
a. tundra
b. tropical rainforest
c. temperate deciduous
d. grassland
32.
Which information should be included in box B
a. extreme daily temperature fluctuations
b. constant rainfall; high temperature fluctuations
c. strong prevailing winds; small variations in temperature
d. permanently frozen subsoil; no precipitation
33.
What information would be in box C?
a. mosses
c. conifers
b. grasses
d. deciduous trees
34. The diagram to the right represents a tree containing three different
species of warbler, A, B, C. Each species occupies a different niche.
A fourth species, D, which has the same environmental
requirements as species B, enters the tree at point X. Members of
species B will most likely
a. live in harmony with species D
b. move to a different level and live with species A or species C
c. stay at that level but change their diet
d. compete with species D
Base your answers to questions 35-37 on the map below which shows the
general location of some major biomes of Earth, and on your knowledge
of biology. A different biome is represented by each of the following symbols:
35. Which climax flora would be a
major part of the biome indicated by the symbol
a. mosses b. succulent plant
c. grasses
d. lichens
36. Which symbol indicates an area with coniferous trees, long,
severe winters, and black bears?
A
C
B
D
37. Which major biome is found throughout most of Virginia?
a. tundra
b. taiga
c. temperature deciduous forest
d. tropical rain forest
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WORD BANK
elephant
giraffe
prairie dogs
lion
moose
squirrels
Northern Africa
Eastern U.S.
Central U.S.
Canada
Central Africa
pine trees
dry climate
canopy
rainfall
cactus
equator
maple trees
seasons
farmland
reptiles
monkeys
Biomes Concept Map