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What is a sediment?
A rock fragment
What is weathering?
The break down of rocks and minerals
What are the two types of weathering?
Physical and chemical
What is physical weathering?
When rocks are broken apart but not chemically
altered.
What is Chemical weathering?
When rocks are broken down by being chemically
altered (dissolved)
What is the difference between Breccia and
Conglomerate?
Breccia has angular fragments and conglomerate has
rounded fragments
What are the three main ingredients for all inorganic
land-derived sedimentary rocks?
Quartz, feldspar and clay minerals
What is the size range for a particle of sand?
0.006-0.2 cm
Which rock is formed from plant remains?
Coal
Which rock can form as either a process of
cementation or as a precipitate?
Limestone
What type of sedimentary rock is
Breccia?
Clastic
What type of sedimentary rock is Coal?
Organic
What type of sedimentary rock is Rock Salt
Chemically formed (Evaporate)
What type of sedimentary rock is Sandstone?
Clastic
What type of sedimentary rock is Limestone?
Bio clastic
or
Chemically formed (precipitate)
Define Lithification
The process of turning sediments to stone
Define Bedding
The way in which sediments are deposited in layers
Define Graded Bedding
The largest sediments are on the bottom and the
smallest ones are on top.
Define cementation
The “gluing” together of sediments through natural
means such as calcite build up.
Define evaporates
Rocks that form as a result of the water that they are in
evaporating (ex: salt water leaves behind the salty crust)
Which rock is made of particles that are 0.006 to 0.2?
Sandstone
Which rock is made of particles that are 0.0004 to
0.006?
Silt stone
Which rock is made of particles that are smaller than
0.0004?
Shale
Which rock is made of pebbles and cobbles that are
rounded?
Conglomerate
Which rock is made of pebbles and cobbles that are
angular?
Breccia
Which rock is made of Gypsum?
Rock gypsum
Which rock is made of Halite?
Rock salt
Define Foliated
When due to pressure a rock exhibits shininess due
to mica crystals or wavy bands as a result of
realigning crystals
Define Contact Metamorphism
When a rock is changed due to coming into contact
with magma or lava.
Define Regional Metamorphism
The rock changes due to the pressure from large
regions of land smashing into each other.
Define Hydrothermal Metamorphism
Rocks chemically changing due to an exchange of
minerals (some new coming in, some old going out)
caused by hot water and a chemical change.
What causes metamorphism?
Heat and pressure
Which rock shows bands?
Gneiss
What is a Gneiss geology joke?
I might be gneiss but don’t take me for granite!
Which metamorphic rock will fizz in acid?
Marble
Which rock is only fine grained and has regional
metamorphism?
Slate
or Anthracite coal
Which rock has a platy mica surface?
Schist
Which rock has a microscopic mica crystals on its
surface?
Phylite
Which rock is a low grade metamorphism of shale?
Slate
Which rock is the metamorphosed version of
bituminous coal?
Anthracite coal
Which rock is formed from contact or regional
metamorphism and is made from limestone or
dolostone?
Marble
Which rock is formed from contact metamorphism
and can be made from a variety of rocks?
Hornfels
Which rock is formed from contact or regional and is
made from quartz sand stone?
Quartzite
Which rock is formed from contact or regional
metamorphism is made from conglomerates?
Metaconglomerate
Why would limestone dissolve in acid rain?
It is made of calcite which dissolves in acid.
Why would marble dissolve in acid rain?
It is made of limestone which is made of calcite
which dissolves in acid.
What does the rock cycle show you?
Over time, any rock can become any other rock.
How do igneous rocks form?
The cooling (solidification) of magma or lava
How do clastic sedimentary rocks form?
The cementation of deposited rock fragments
How do chemically formed sedimentary rocks form?
They are either precipitate out of solution or are left
as evaporates when the solution evaporates.
How do bioclastic sedimentary rocks form?
Compacted organic materials such as plants or shell
fragments.
How do metamorphic rocks form?
Heat and/or pressure