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Ear th Science
3.1 The Rock Cycle
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Rock Cycle Video
Rocks
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All Earth processes, from
volcanic activity and mountain
building to earthquakes and
erosion, involve rocks.
Rocks contain clues, valuable
information, about the
environment in which they were
formed
Rocks
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What is a rock?
A rock is any solid mass of
mineral or mineral-like
matter that occurs
naturally as part of our
planet.
Rocks
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A few rocks are composed of only
one mineral. Most rocks, however,
occur as a solid mixture of
minerals.
A characteristic of rock is that
each of the component minerals
retains their properties in the
mixture.
A few rocks are composed on nonmineral matter.
Coal is considered a rock even
though it consists of organic
materials.
Rock
 Rocks are classified into three
groups based on how they
were formed
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Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
The Rock Cycle
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Interactions among
Earth’s water, air, and
land can cause rocks to
change from one type to
another.
The continuous process
that causes rocks to
change makes up the
rock cycle.
The Rock Cycle
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Rocks move from one
type of rock to another
in the rock cycle
through many different
paths.
The Rock Cycle
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Lets look at some of the ways
rocks change in this cycle
Magma is molten material that
forms deep beneath the earth’s
surface
Magma that reaches the surface
is called lava
When magma cools and hardens
beneath the surface or as a
result of a volcanic eruptions,
igneous rock forms.
The Rock Cycle
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What happens when igneous rock that is formed
deep within the Earth reaches the surface?
Any rock on Earth’s surface will
undergo weathering
Weathering is a process in which
rocks are physically and chemically broken down
by water, air, and living things to produce
sediment.
Rock Cycle
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Sediment is made up of weathered
pieces of Earth materials, rock worn
down to pieces from wind, water, and
plants.
Sediment is moved from place to place
by water, gravity, glaciers or wind.
Rock Cycle
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If sedimentary rocks become
buried deep within the Earth
they will be subjected to
additional pressures and/or
temperatures.
Under extreme pressure and
temperature conditions,
sedimentary rock will change into
metamorphic rock.
If the metamorphic rocks are
subjected to still higher
temperatures, they may melt to
form magma.
Rock Cycle
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As we can see, the Rock
Cycle moves in multiple
directions at once with
 igneous rock,
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sedimentary rock,
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and metamorphic rock
each transforming when
given the appropriate
circumstances.
Rock Cycle
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Processes driven by heat
from the Earth’s interior are
responsible for forming both
igneous and metamorphic
rocks.
Rock Cycle
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Weathering and the
movement of weathered
materials are external
processes powered by energy
from the sun and by gravity.
Processes on or near Earth’s
surface produce sedimentary
rocks.
Rock Cycle